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SP26 Cell Cycle

What is the cell cycle The process by which a cell grows, copies its DNA, and divides into two daughter cells.
What are the main phases of the cell cycle G1 (growth), S (DNA replication), G2 (preparation), and mitosis (division).
What is the main event during G1 phase The cell grows in size and accumulates nutrients and proteins needed for DNA replication.
What is the main event during S phase The cell replicates its DNA so that each daughter cell will receive an identical copy of genetic material.
What is the main event during G2 phase The cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis by producing proteins like tubulin needed for spindle fibers.
What happens during prophase Chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form from the centrosomes.
What happens during metaphase Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator (metaphase plate) and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres.
What happens during anaphase Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, pulled by spindle fibers.
What happens during telophase Nuclear envelopes reform around the separated chromosomes, spindle fibers disappear, and chromosomes begin to unwind.
What are cell checkpoints Control points in the cell cycle that check if conditions are right before the cell proceeds to the next phase.
What is the G1 checkpoint A checkpoint that checks if the cell is ready to copy its DNA. If not, the cell stops or exits the cycle.
What is the G2/M checkpoint A checkpoint that verifies DNA has been copied correctly before the cell divides.
What is a tumor suppressor gene A gene that prevents uncontrolled cell division. Mutations in these genes can lead to cancer.
What is the p53 gene A tumor suppressor gene called the "guardian of the genome" that detects DNA damage and stops cell division or triggers cell death.
What is an oncogene A mutated gene that promotes excessive cell growth and division, contributing to cancer.
How does cancer develop When cell cycle checkpoints fail and damaged cells divide uncontrollably, usually due to mutations in tumor suppressors or activation of oncogenes.
What is apoptosis Programmed cell death that eliminates damaged cells. Cancer can develop when apoptosis fails and damaged cells survive.
What causes cancer Mutations from environmental factors (UV light, tobacco, chemicals) that damage tumor suppressor genes or activate oncogenes.
What is cytokinesis The physical division of the cytoplasm that occurs after mitosis, splitting one cell into two separate daughter cells.
Why is the S phase checkpoint important for preventing cancer The S phase checkpoint ensures DNA is replicated accurately. If errors are detected, repairs are made before replication continues, preventing mutations that could lead to cancer.
Created by: tmsullivanLDHS
 

 



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