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genetics exam #2

TermDefinition
dNTP precursor
DNA Poly 1 5' - 3' polymerization. 3' - 5' exonuclease AND 5' to 3' exonuclease. Removing primer & filling gaps, DNA repair. More abundant and most stable. Cleanup crew.
DNA Poly 2 5' - 3' polymerization. 3' - 5' exonuclease. DNA repair. Lowest processivity.
DNA Poly 3 5' - 3' polymerization. 3' - 5' exonuclease. DNA synthesis during replication and proofreading. Highest processivity. Has Holoenzyme.
Holoenzyme Active form of DNA Poly 3. Leads the way during synthesis and holds the leading and lagging strands apart. The big circle thing.
oriC organ of chromosomal replication. Recognized by initation factors and is bonded by helicase and DNA Poly 3 Holoenzyme to start replication.
Helicase unwinds DNA
SSBs Single stranded binding proteins. Coat the ssDNA after it's been unwound by helicase and protects the dsDNA from reforming and protecting the ssDNA.
Topoisomerase AKA gyrase cleaves DNA backbone to relieve supercoiling
Primase RNA Polymerase. Primer/start of replication
Ligase Seals gaps in backbone. the GLUE.
DNA Poly a, b, & e majorly involved in DNA synthesis for eukaryotes
telomeres tandem repeated DNA sequences on end of linear chromosomes. Contain T loops and shelterin. They keep the ends of chromosomes safe.
Telomerase TERC + TERT. Extend the shrinking ends. Mostly inactive.
TERC RNA template/guide
TERT reverse transcriptase
T loops part of telomeres. Cover the end of the chromosome.
Shelterin part of telomeres. Protects and promotes the T loops.
histones + charged. Are wrapped by DNA to form condensed structure. Beads on a string. octamer.
acetylation HAT. Neutralizes the histone, causing gene activation.
methylation causes changes in gene activity
Phosphorylation negatively charges histones. Plays a role in DNA damage and unfolding/condensation.
Created by: 010307
 

 



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