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2.2
2.2 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alleles | Different versions of a gene. |
| Autosomes | Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes. |
| Centromere | The center part of a chromosome where chromatids are attached. |
| Chromatid | One half of a duplicated chromosome. |
| Chromosome | A structure made of DNA and protein that carries genes. |
| Deletion mutation | A mutation where a piece of DNA is lost. |
| DNA | The molecule that stores genetic information. |
| DNA primer | A short piece of DNA that starts DNA copying. |
| Dominant allele | An allele that shows its trait even when only one copy is present. |
| Eukaryotic | Cells that have a nucleus |
| Familial Hypercholesterolemia | A genetic disorder that causes high cholesterol. |
| Frameshift mutation | A mutation that shifts the reading frame of DNA. |
| Gene | A section of DNA that codes for a trait or protein. |
| Genome | All the DNA in an organism. |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism |
| Gel electrophoresis | A lab method used to separate DNA or proteins. |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a gene. |
| Homologous chromosomes | Chromosome pairs with similar genes. |
| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles. |
| Insertion mutation | A mutation where extra DNA is added. |
| Karyotype | A picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | RNA that carries instructions from DNA to make proteins. |
| Mitosis | Cell division that makes two identical cells. |
| Mutation | A change in DNA |
| Nondisjunction | When chromosomes fail to separate correctly. |
| Nucleotides | The building blocks of DNA and RNA. |
| Pedigree | A chart showing traits across generations. |
| Phenotype | The physical expression of a gene |
| Point mutation | A change in one DNA base. |
| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | A lab method used to make many copies of DNA. |
| Protein | Molecules that do work in cells. |
| Protein synthesis | The process of making proteins from DNA instructions. |
| Punnett square | A chart used to predict genetic outcomes |
| Recessive allele | An allele that is hidden when a dominant allele is present. |
| Restriction enzyme | A protein that cuts DNA at specific sequences |
| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | Molecule that helps make proteins using DNA instructions. |
| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine biological sex. |
| Silent mutation | A mutation that does not change the protein made |
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