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social situation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| norms | expectations and rules of situations/ undwritten ex: handshake with right hand |
| social influence theory | explains how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence, actions, or expectations of others normative informational |
| normative | social approval (peer pressure) |
| informational | don't know how to act, look around to others ex: walk on certain side of hallway |
| elaboration likelihood model | change attitudes |
| central route persuasion | content/ facts |
| peripheral route to persuasion | other aspects (emotions, humor, celebs: influencing) -halo effect |
| halo effect | impression based on single attribute/ good looking |
| foot-in-the-door | small request leads to longer -if you can get people to agree to a small request, they will become more likely to agree to a follow-up request that is larger. |
| door-in-the-face | denied large request leads to small request -a psychological strategy used to persuade individuals to agree to a request by first presenting an outrageous or unreasonable request, which is likely to be rejected |
| conformity | change behavior to fit in -do not get confused with groupthink -normative social influence -line experiment -if one person goes against group, we are more likely to go against group |
| groupthink | maintain agreement amongst group members, so you don't speak up (prevents critical thinking) |
| obedience | listening to an authority figure -shock experiment -standord prison experiment -situations play a major factor in how we act -both of these experiments violate ethical guidelines today |
| shock experiment | we listen to authority figure, even if we possibly kill (66%) |
| stanford prison experiment | -stimulated prison -guards abused their authority |
| ex of foot-in-the-door | Asking a friend for a half a piece of gum, then a full piece the next day, then asking for two more pieces or something bigger the next day |
| ex of door-in-the-face | Asking my mom for $100 then asking for $50 because she’s more likely to say yes to that. |
| cultural phenomena | individualism, collectivism, multiculturalism -FAE is done more in individualistic culture |
| individualism | individual accomplishment over group |
| collectivism | group needs over our own needs |
| multiculturalism | equal coexistence of multiple cultures within a society (food, religion, holidays, multilingual) |
| group influences | group polarization, groupthink, diffusion of responsibility, social loafing, deindividuation |
| group polarization | like minded group members become more extreme (feel stronger Abt that idea) |
| groupthink | confirm to maintain agreement |
| diffusion of responsibility | less responsible to act when others are present (don't feel need to act because someone else will) |
| social loafing | put in less effort when working in group |
| deindividuation | lose sense of individuality and act differently in group leads to impulsive or anti-social behavior |
| social facilitation | perform better infront of people |
| social impairment | perform worse Infront of group |
| false conserous effect | overestimate the amount of people that agree with you |
| how do we get rid of stereotypes? | superordinate goals |
| superordinate goals | working towards a common goal reduces hostility -boy scouts camp/ robber's cave |
| social trap | short term, self-interest over long-term collective well-being -prisoners dilemma-overfishing |
| bystander effect | more people, less likely to help -situational variables -attention variables -kitty genovese |
| situational variables | -diffusion of responsibility -social norms -emergency |
| attention variables | -notice |
| attruism | selfless behavior (prosocial behavior) |
| prosocial behavior may be caused by | -social debt -social reciprocity norm -social responsibility norm |
| social debt | feel obligated/ guilt to help someone when we receive help from them |
| social reciprocity norm | help those who've helped us (returning the favor) |
| social responsibility norm | expectaiton to help those in need (older ppl) |
| industrial-organizational (I/O) psychologists | focus on the workplace |
| altruism | selfless behavior (prosocial behavior) -social debt -social reciprocity norm -social responsibility norm |
| social debt | feel obligated/ guilt to help someone when we receive help from them |
| social reciprocity norm | help those who've helped us (returning the favor) |
| social responsibility norm | expectation to help those in need (older ppl) |
| bystander effect | more people, less likely to help: diffusion of responsibility, social norms, emergency |
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