Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Intro to Ethics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Meta Ethics | Studies the origin, nature and meaning of moral properties Asking, “When we say something is ‘wrong,’ are we stating a fact or just expressing emotion? |
| Applied Ethics | Involving investigation towards concrete moral issues= applies to real life theories Debating whether euthanasia should be legal |
| Deontological Ethics | An ethical theory that guides & assesses what we ought to do. Morality: is completely/ largely determined by our duty. Telling the truth even when lying would protect someone’s feelings, because honesty is a moral duty |
| Consequentialism | Morally good/ rightness depending on our actions. Morality: determined by the consequences of our actions. |
| Virtue Ethics | Ethical theory that emphasizes our moral character as a person. Morality: determined if an act makes us a better person. Practicing honesty, courage, and patience to develop moral character |
| Determinism | Actions are determined by genetics/ environmental factors Arguing that a person’s upbringing, genetics, and environment fully determine their behavior, leaving no room for true free choice. |
| Libertarian Free Will | Our actions are not completely determined by genetics and environmental factors. We have free will to go against our genetics/ environment. |
| Prima Facie Duty | A duty that we can be overridden by a more pressing obligation. You have a duty to keep promises, but if keeping a promise would endanger someone, the duty to prevent harm overrides it. |
| Thrasymachus | Invent injustice Better to be unjust than just Hedonist Pleasure is what has value and pain is what has disvalue He represents a character who challenges the traditional views of justice and morality |
| The Ring of Gyges | No one wants to be just. We are just because we have to be just The reason we act justly is because we’re afraid people will act unjustly towards us Theme is people are unjust when they have the means to do so. |
| Tripartite Division of the Soul | Justice within (proper harmony) Ruler: Rational part (our soul) Irrational part: our desires/ appetites Spirited part: our passions/emotions |
| Aristotle | Ancient philosophy Virtue ethics Teleology: things are aimed at some end, purpose or goal Happiness: we achieve happiness through exercising our reason well in accordance with virtue |
| The Mean | A good character habit between two vices (bad habits) The mean avoids excess and deficiency |
| Epicurus | Justly Virtue Hedonist Believed pleasure is the end of life & supreme good Viewed pleasure=seek a state of unperturbness of soul Free from pain, anxiety |
| Immanuel Kant | Ethics based off duty & reason (when its acts for the sake of duty alone) Intention Self-less Obligation People matter |
| Categorical Imperative | The supreme principle of morality The obligation to do one’s duty for its own sake and not in pursuit of further ends Ex: Telling the truth |
| The Kingdom of Ends | People exist as ends in themselves Absolute value Things exist with relational worth as means Relative value The Kantian ideal of the kingdom of ends is one in which all persons are respected as ends in themselves |
| Postulates of Practice Reasoning | A wholehearted commitment to morality is only rational if we presupposed God and immortality to unify being morally good and being happy |
| Gordon Marino | Boxing offers an excellent means to grow in virtue Like: discipline, group attachment, self-respect, respect for others, autonomy of the courage |
| Nicholas Dixon | Dixon argues that a single legal restriction should be imposed to effectively eliminate boxing’s main medical risk Hard Paternalism: involves restricting the freedom of someone’s voluntary and informed choices. |
| Dixon | Example: prohibition of alcohol in the U.S from 1920-1933, where the government restricted individual freedom to protect citizens from the perceived harms of alcohol consumption |
| Dixon | Soft Paternalism: involves restricting the freedom of someone’s involuntary and ill-informed choices. Ex: individuals are gently guided toward better choices without restricting their freedom, such as placing vivid health warnings on cigarette packages. |
| Dixon | Pre-emptive Paternalism: Restrictions on free actions in order to preserve greater future freedom. Ex: Mandatory seatbelt laws |
| Stephen Kershnar | “For Permitting Hazing” hazing should be permitted Objection: Hazing is wrong because it brings about unnecessary harm |
| Stephen Kershnar | It is plausible that hazing is not only permissible but also desirable for the benefits that come with it (commitment, bonding, exclusivity) |
| Michael J Cholbi | “On Hazing” Hazing: Harm associated with it is a condition for full inclusion in the group or organization. |
| Michael J Cholbi | It bears not an intrinsic, but extrinsic relationship to the organization Such activities (binge drinking, simulated sex acts, paddling, etc.) do not realize or advance the goods that define the group or organization |
| Timothy Hsiao | “The Case for Marijuana Prohibition” |
| Patrick Lee | believed: Faith and reason show us that genuine marriage must be heterosexual The state shouldn’t declare same-sex unions as marriages |
| Robert George | Is against pornography Advocating for the enforcement of obscenity laws to combat its influence |
| Robert George | Private acts of vice can endanger important public interests. Ex: Recreational use of hallucinogenic drugs – effect on public well-being may be extremely minor |
| John Mill | Freedom of thought, pursuit, assembly, expressing emotions Harm Principle: You can do wtv you want until you start harming others Government will punish you |
| John Mill | Pleasures of: quantity vs. quality Utilitarianism Hedonist and Consequentialist Think about oneself & others’ happiness Sentience (animals and humans) Actions that bring greatest happiness |
| Hedonism | Emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure as the ultimate goal of life |
| Michael Martin | Critiques the moral arguments that support vegetarianism believe moral vegetarianism must be seen as a prima facie duty, not an absolute one to not eat meat if it is to have any credibility |
| Applied Ethics | Example: Debating whether euthanasia should be legal |
| Deontological Ethics | Example: Telling the truth even when lying would protect someone’s feelings, because honesty is a moral duty |
| Deontological Ethics | Example: Refusing to steal medicine if it could save a life, because stealing violates a moral rule |
| Consequentialism | Example: Lying to protect someone from harm because the positive outcome outweighs the moral cost of lying |
| Virtue Ethics | Example: Helping a stranger because generosity is part of being a good person |
| Virtue Ethics | Example: Practicing honesty, courage, and patience to develop moral character |
| Libertarian Free Will | Example: Claiming that even if someone grew up in a violent environment, they still have the free will to choose peaceful behavior |
| Prima Facie Duty | Example: Telling the truth is a duty, but lying might be justified if it protects someone from serious danger. |
| Thrasymachus | Example: Unjust people are happier, private contracts, just people is the loser The Hedonist believes that please is the only thing that has intrinsic value |
| Aristotle | Example: Intellectual virtue excellence in thought acquired through instruction Moral virtue excellence in character acquired through good character habits |
| Timothy Hsiao | Legal prohibition of Marijuana |
| Robert George | Against pornography |
| Stephen Keshnar | Permitting hazing |
| Michael J Cholbi | Against hazing |
| Hedonism | The pursuit of pleasure and happiness |
| Robert George | Pornography is immoral |
| Robert George | Expresses concerns about the moral and public health implications of pornography |
| Stephen Keshnar | Should be permitted |
| Michael J Cholbi | Against hazing |
Created by:
user-2027792