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HBS 3.1.1 - Vocabula
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cardiac | having to do with the heart. |
| Arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body. |
| Arterioles | small branches of arteries that carry blood to capillaries and help control blood flow. |
| Capillaries | tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients move into cells and waste moves out. |
| Venules | small blood vessels that carry blood from capillaries to the veins. |
| Veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. |
| Valves | flaps in veins or the heart that prevent blood from flowing backward. |
| Histology | the study of tissues and their structure. |
| Tunica Externa | the outer layer of a blood vessel that provides strength and support. |
| Tunica Media | the middle layer of a blood vessel made of muscle and elastic tissue that controls vessel diameter. |
| Tunica Interna | the inner layer of a blood vessel that lines the lumen and helps blood flow smoothly. |
| Lumen | the hollow space inside a blood vessel where blood flows. |
| Pulmonary Circulation | the path of blood from the heart to the lungs and back, where it picks up oxygen. |
| Systemic Circulation | he path of blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back, delivering oxygen and nutrients. |
| Right Atrium | the upper right chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body. |
| Tricuspid Valve | the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle that prevents blood from flowing backward. |
| Right Ventricle | the lower right chamber of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. |
| Pulmonary Semilunar/Pulmonic Valve | the valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery that prevents blood from flowing back into the heart. |
| Pulmonary Artery | the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. |
| Pulmonary Veins | blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. |
| Left Atrium | the upper left chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. |
| Bicuspid/Mitral Valve | the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing backward. |
| Left Ventricle | the lower left chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body. |
| Aortic Semilunar/Aortic Valve | the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta that prevents blood from flowing back into the heart. |
| Aorta | the largest artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body. |
| Chordae Tendineae | strong, string-like fibers that connect heart valves to the heart muscles and prevent the valves from flipping backward. |
| Septum | the wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart. |
| Trabeculae Carneae | the muscular ridges inside the ventricles of the heart that help the heart contract efficiently. |
| Papillary Muscles | muscles inside the ventricles that attach to the chordae tendineae and help prevent heart valves from inverting. |
| Apex | the tip or pointed end of the heart, pointing downward and to the left. |
| Base | the top part of the heart where the major blood vessels attach. |
| Left Coronary Artery (Left Main) | the artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart, including the left atrium and left ventricle. |
| Circumflex Artery | a branch of the left coronary artery that supplies blood to the left atrium and the side and back of the left ventricle. |
| Right Coronary Artery | the artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, and parts of the heart’s conduction system. |
| Carotid Artery | a major artery in the neck that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain and head. |
| Descending Aorta | the part of the aorta that carries oxygen-rich blood downward from the heart to the chest and abdomen. |
| Subclavian Artery | the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the aorta to the arms and shoulders. |
| Brachiocephalic Trunk | the artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck. |
| Axillary Artery | the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the subclavian artery to the armpit and upper arm. |
| Brachial Artery | the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the axillary artery down the upper arm. |
| Radial Artery | the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood along the thumb side of the forearm to the hand |
| Ulnar Artery | the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood along the pinky side of the forearm to the hand. |
| Iliac Artery | the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the aorta to the pelvis and legs. |
| Femoral Artery | the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the iliac artery down the thigh. |
| Popliteal Artery | the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood behind the knee from the femoral artery. |
| Dorsalis Pedis (DP) | the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to the top of the foot. |
| Posterior Tibial (PT) | the artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to the back of the lower leg and the sole of the foot. |
| Jugular Vein | the vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the head and neck back to the heart. |
| Brachiocephalic Vein | the vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, and arms back to the heart. |
| Subclavian Vein | the vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the arms back to the heart. |
| Axillary Vein | the vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the armpit and upper arm back to the subclavian vein. |
| Greater Cephalic Vein | a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lateral side of the arm back toward the heart. |
| Median Cubital Vein | the vein that connects the cephalic and basilic veins at the front of the elbow and is commonly used for drawing blood. |
| Basilic Vein | a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the medial side of the arm back toward the heart. |
| Iliac Vein | the vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the pelvis and legs back to the heart. |
| Femoral Vein | the vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the thigh back to the iliac vein. |
| Popliteal Vein | the vein that carries deoxygenated blood from behind the knee back to the femoral vein. |
| Greater Saphenous Vein | the longest vein in the body that carries deoxygenated blood from the leg and foot back toward the femoral vein. |
| Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery | a branch of the left coronary artery that supplies blood to the front of the left ventricle.x |
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