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PSY 365
Personality and Creativity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality Factors and Creativity | certain personality factors may facilitate creativity |
| Feist (1998): Huge review of personality in successful | artistic creativity and scientific creativity |
| Feist: Openness is a broad, general factor in | creativity |
| Creative Artists, Scientist, and Industrial Designers | high openness |
| Conscientiousness and Creativity: Conscientiousness | organized and planned vs. impulsive and chaotic -works well without deadlines -organized -reliable, on time, tidy -lots of plans, goals; not as spontaneous Creative artist lower in C, scientists higher in C |
| Neuroticism and Artists | is the opposite of self-confidence and lack of doubt; often associated with anxiety -N was mildly associated with artists, not for scientists |
| Achievement Motivation | not one of the Big 5, desire to do well, to meet standards of excellence, enjoy challenges and competition -a broad factor in creativity in artists and scientists |
| Unconventionalism | skeptical of norms, authority -"norm doubting" |
| Confidence | assurance that you are right and others are wrong |
| Unconventionalism and Confidence both correlate | with creativity |
| A Giant German Twin Study: Kandler et al. (2016), self-report, observed by others, peer, reports, and a creativity test to measure creativity. Also personality and IQ measures, findings: | openness=all positive and significant -Extraversion: mostly positive and significant but not all of them -Found that extraversion was mostly associated with other and self-perception of creativity, not actual scores on tests |
| Soldz and Vaillant (1999): measured correlation between openness and creativity over a 45 yr. span for 163 men | of the Big 5: openness, neuroticism, and extraversion were relatively stable; agreeableness and conscientiousness less so -Creativity: 4-point scale, correlated with college openness scores |
| Neuroticism | predicts anxiety and major depression |
| Psychoticism | predicts bipolar and schizophrenia , mostly been replaced with schizotypy |
| Schizotypy | is a personality trait, related to psychotic symptoms -predicts schizophrenia-like symptoms -predicts onset of it at high levels -variation in normal population, too |
| There are positive and negative schizotypy | positive=adds something weird to behavior negative=removes normal function -also a "disorganized" type |
| Positive schizotypy | weird perceptual experiences -weird beliefs |
| Negative schizotypy | Anhedonia: lack of pleasure in nice things -problems with emotion |
| Positive schizotypy and creativity: Burch, Hemsley, Pavelis, and Corr (2006) | Divergent thinking tasks correlated with positive schizotypy |
| Positive schizotypy and creativity: Wang et al. (2017) | High schizotypy more original and fluent in divergent thinking tasks -having schizophrenia produced worse divergent thinking |
| Meta-analysis? Bass, Nijstad, Boot, and De Dreu (2016): Big meta-analysis of personality | schizotypy predicts creativity -depressive symptoms predict lower creativity -so neuroticism isn't good for creativity, really |
| Personality factors are important to understanding who will be creative | -help motivate practice -motivate unconventional ideas, defying the crowd |
| Childhood creativity predicts | adult accomplishment |
| Schizotypy emerged as a predictor, which might link us to | mental illness |
| Fantasy proneness | Possibly: ability to vividly imagine things and interest in fantasy |
| Fantasy Proneness (FP) scale | includes daydreaming, childhood make-believe, extrasensory experiences, and intense religious experiences -famously predicted ease of being hypnotized (Wilson and Barber, 1983), but the result did not replicate |
| Rhue and Lynn: Pre-screened-500, picked 59 people based on FP, fantasy proneness was tied to 2 types | Type 1: being punished more and severely, and imagining to escape the pain Type 2: having parents who encouraged them to read and being lonely/ playing alone/ not having friends -and the 2 types were not correlated with each other |
| FP Predicts belief in weird things and having weird things happen: Irwin (19990,1991) found FP predicts | -belief in psychic powers -belief in spiritualism/ mediumship -belief in precognition |
| FP Predicts belief in weird things and having weird things happen: Lawrence et al. (1995): | belief in lots of psychic things were correlated -and having personally experienced psychic events was r=.32 -also linked all of this to childhood trauma |
| What other personality traits predict fantasy proneness?: In Merkelback et al. (2001), correlated with: | a version of schizotypy -Tellegen absorption scale: the whole scale is tied to the other psychoticism family traits |
| Webster and Saucier (2011): Factor analysis found 3 factors in the FP scale | 1. fantasy intensity 2. make believe 3. extrasensory |
| Measuring Imagination: asked people to mentally imagine 4 scenes, rated on a scale of 1-9 for how vivid it was. Results: | FP was correlated with reported vividness of imagination -used regression analysis to show that only the fantasy intensity subfactor of FP was necessary to explain correlation with imagination -distinguishes mental image vividness from being prone to f. |
| Is FP separate from Big 5?: Sanchez-Bernardos, Lloreda, Avia and Bragado-Alvarez (2015) examined a subset of the items and found 2 factors: | broadly consistent with the intensity and weird factors -imagination is separate from the schizotypy symptoms |
| Is FP separate from Big 5?: Sanchez-Bernardos, Lloreda, Avia and Bragado-Alvarez (2015), Results: | intensity correlated with neuroticism, openness, and conscientiousness -weird correlated with neuroticism, extraversion and openness |
| Does FP Predict Creativity? Thomson, Keehn, and Gumpel (2009) compared creative people who create works and interpret works | measured items closely related to the weird subfactor and merged the intensity and make-believe factors -combined-->not related to creativity and no different from non-artists -however, weird was higher by a lot in interpreters than creators |
| No evidence yet that FP is specifically linked to creativity, though-- | the link is to weird, which is like schizotypy |
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