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TermDefinition
2. Hydrocarbons insoluble in water The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
3. Cis-trans isomers They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
4. Each bond in CO₂ (O=C=O) Two pairs of shared electrons.
5. Enantiomers (ibuprofen) Are mirror images of each other.
6. Tetrahedral vs. planar configuration The presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms.
7. Hydrocarbon with double bonds Be more constrained in structure.
8. Compound with hydroxyl groups Should dissolve in water.
9. Functional groups in amino acids Carboxyl and amino groups.
10. Testosterone vs. estradiol Have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton.
11. Not a polymer Glucose.
12. Water molecules released (20 monomers) 19
13. Dehydration vs. hydrolysis Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart.
14. Three glucose linked together C₁₈H₃₀O₁₅
15. Aldose vs. ketose An aldose is a sugar that has its carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketose has its carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain.
16. Starch vs. glycogen Starch is a plant storage polysaccharide with less branching in its structure, whereas glycogen is an animal storage polysaccharide that has more frequent branching, making it more compact.
17. H O ratio in carbohydrates
18. Glycosidic linkage analogous to Peptide bond.
19. Lipids fluid at room temperature Angle bonds from double bonds (unsaturated).
20. Phospholipids and water The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.
21. Causes atherosclerosis (eliminate) Butter, liver, and kidney organ meat.
Carbon Element found in all organic molecules; has 4 valence electrons and forms 4 covalent bonds; can form chains and rings.
Structural Isomers Same molecular formula, different structure (example
Cis Isomer Groups on the same side of a double bond.
Trans Isomer Groups on opposite sides of a double bond.
Carbon Element found in all organic molecules; has 4 valence electrons and forms 4 covalent bonds; can form chains and rings.
Ethane (C₂H₆) Hydrocarbon with two single-bonded carbons; all single bonds; saturated.
Valence Shell Outermost electron shell; determines bonding ability.
Covalent Bond Bond formed when atoms share electrons.
Amino Acid Building block of proteins; contains central carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and R group.
Peptide Bond Covalent bond between amino acids formed by dehydration synthesis.
Tripeptide Three amino acids linked together; has two peptide bonds.
Carbohydrate Molecule used for energy; ratio 1C
Monosaccharide One sugar unit.
Disaccharide Two sugar units.
Polysaccharide Many sugar units.
Hexose Six-carbon sugar (example
Saturated Fatty Acid No double bonds; straight chain; solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated Fatty Acid Has at least one double bond; bent shape.
Phospholipid Glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails (hydrophobic), phosphate head (hydrophilic); forms cell membranes.
Steroid Lipid made of four fused carbon rings (example
Purine Double-ring nitrogenous base (adenine and guanine).
Dehydration Synthesis Removes water to form a covalent bond and build larger molecules.
Hydrolysis Adds water to break a bond.
Egg Yolk Composition High fat (energy), high protein (growth/structure), high cholesterol (membrane formation).
Carbon in Biology Forms complex molecules; allows production of hormones and proteins; creates biological differences between organisms.
Created by: jspazo
 

 



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