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Stack #4636818
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antecedent | An environmental condition or stimulus change that exists or occurs prior to the behavior. |
| Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) | The process of analyzing and improving socially significant behaviors through the scientific method. |
| Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB) | A natural science that studies behavior by identifying functional relations between behavior and controlling variables in the environment. |
| Automatic Reinforcement | Reinforcement that occurs in the absence of social consequences. This terminology is preferred over “sensory reinforcement”. |
| Automatic Punishment | Punishment that occurs in the absence of social consequences. |
| Behavioral Functions | The reason a behavior occurs typically to gain attention, access to tangibles, escape, or automatic reinforcement. |
| Behavior | The portion of an organism’s interaction with the environment that involves some movement of the organism. |
| Behavior Altering Effect | An increase or decrease in behavior due to the reinforcement history. |
| Behavioral Cusp | A behavior that opens access to new environments, reinforcers, or learning opportunities, leading to broad developmental change. |
| Calibration | The degree to which data from a measurement system match a true value or standard. Identified errors guide corrections to improve the system. |
| Celeration | The change in rate of responding over time. |
| Concurrent Chains (Schedule) Design | An experimental design in which participants have two or more response options resulting in different treatment procedures. |
| Conditioned Punisher | A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher due to prior pairing with other punishers. |
| Conditioned Reflex | A learned stimulus-response functional relation with an antecedent stimulus and the response it elicits. E.g., Bell rings🡪salivation. |
| Conditioned Reinforcer | A stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer due to prior pairing with other reinforcers. |
| Conditioned Stimulus | A neutral stimulus that becomes conditioned when paired with an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus. |
| Consequence | A stimulus change that follows a behavior. |
| Contingency | Dependent and temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables. |
| Contingency-Shaped Behavior | Behavior that is shaped through direct experience with contingencies. |
| Continuous Schedule of Reinforcement | Reinforcing every occurrence of behavior (known as an FR1 or CRF) |
| Deprivation | The increase in the effectiveness of a reinforcer after limited to no exposure. |
| Direct Measurement | The behavior that is measured is the same as the behavior that is the focus of the investigation. |
| Discrete Trial | A structured teaching method involving a clear antecedent, a specific behavior, and a consequence. |
| Discriminated Operant | An operant that occurs more frequently under certain antecedents. |
| Discriminative Stimulus | A stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement for a specific behavior. |
| Environment | The physical and social surroundings in which behavior occurs |
| Event Recording | A method of measuring behavior by counting each time it occurs. |
| Explanatory Fiction | A presumed cause of behavior that lacks observable evidence and doesn't improve understanding or prediction. |
| Exclusionary Time Out | Following a behavior targeted for reduction, the individual is removed from the current environment for a set time. Tactic based on negative punishment. |
| Fixed Interval | Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after a fixed amount of time has passed. |
| Fixed Ratio | Reinforcement is delivered after a set number of responses. |
| Fixed Schedule | Reinforcement is delivered after a set amount of time or a set number of responses. |
| Formal Dimensions of stimuli | The physical properties of a stimulus, such as size, shape, color, and intensity. |
| Four Functions of Behavior | Attention, Escape, Tangible, and Automatic Reinforcement |
| Free Operant | A behavior that can occur at any time without specific prompts and is freely emitted. |
| Four Term Contingency | The expanded operant conditioning model that considers the overall effectiveness of the reinforcer. Includes the motivating operation (MO), antecedent, behavior, and consequence. |
| Functional Response Class | A group of responses which share the same function. |
| Generalized Punisher | A conditioned punisher which has been associated with a number of other punishers. Example: The word "no". |
| Generalized Reinforcer | A conditioned reinforcer which has been associated with a number of other reinforcers. Example: Money. |
| Interobserver Agreement (IOA) | The degree to which two or more observers report the same observed behavior. |
| Limited Hold | A time window during which a response must occur to receive reinforcement at the end of an interval |
| Mentalism | An approach to understanding behavior that assumes that a mental, or “inner,” dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension |
| Negative Punishment | A stimulus is REMOVED from the environment following a behavior which results in a DECREASE in future occurrences of that behavior. |
| Negative Reinforcement | A stimulus is REMOVED from the environment following a behavior which results in an INCREASE in future occurrences of that behavior. |
| Non-Exclusionary Time Out | Following a behavior targeted for reduction, the individual remains in the current environment, but access to reinforcement is removed or significantly reduced. Tactic based on negative punishment. |
| Noncontingent Reinforcement NCR | Reinforcement is delivered on a schedule independent of behavior. |
| Operant Behavior | Behavior that is selected, maintained, and brought under stimulus control as a function of its consequences. |
| Operant Conditioning | A learning process in which behavior is shaped by its consequences, such as reinforcement or punishment. |
| Overcorrection | A way to reduce behavior by having a learner correct what they did and practice doing it the right way. |
| Philosophic Doubt | A healthy skepticism that requires scientists to continuously question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact. |
| Positive Punishment | A stimulus is ADDED to the environment following a behavior which results in a DECREASE in future occurrences of that behavior. |
| Positive Reinforcement | A stimulus is ADDED to the environment following a behavior which results in an INCREASE in future occurrences of that behavior. |
| Response Blocking | The therapist physically stops the behavior targeted for reduction before it can be completed. |
| Response Class | A group of responses with varying topography that all have the same effect on the environment. |
| Satiation | The decrease in the effectiveness of a reinforcer after repeated exposure. |
| Stimulus Delta | A stimulus that signals the non-availability of reinforcement. |
| Topography | The physical form or shape of behavior (i.e., what it looks like). |
| Three term contingency | The foundational operant conditioning model. Includes an antecedent, behavior, and consequence |
| Two Term Contingency | The basic relationship between a behavior and its consequence. |
| Variable Interval | Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after varying amounts of time have passed. |
| Variable Ratio | Reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses, averaging a set value |
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