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Exam 2 Vocab
Biodiversity Spring 2026- Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define halophile | Thrives in high salt |
| Define extremophile | Lives in extreme environment |
| Define thermophile | Thrives in high temperatures |
| Define methanogen | Produces methane, lives without oxygen |
| Define decomposer | Breaks down dead material |
| Define nitrogen fixation | Conversion of N2 into usable nitrogen |
| Define aerobic | Requires oxygen |
| Define anaerobic | Lives without oxygen |
| Define photoautotroph | Uses light and CO2 |
| Define photoheterotroph | Uses light and organic carbon |
| Define chemoautotroph | Uses chemicals and CO2 |
| Define chemoheterotroph | Uses chemicals and organic carbon |
| Define transformation | Uptake of DNA from environment |
| Define transduction | Gene transfer via viruses |
| Define conjugation | DNA transfer by cell-to-cell contact |
| Define mutualism | Both organisms benefit |
| Define commensalism | One benefits, other unaffected |
| Define parasitism | One benefits, one harmed |
| Define primary endosymbiosis | Engulfment of cyanobacteria that became chloroplasts |
| Define plastid | Photosynthetic organelle (chloroplast) |
| Define pseudopodia. | Temporary extensions of cytoplasm used for movement and feeding |
| Define secondary endosymbiosis | Occurs when a eukaryotic cell engulfs another eukaryotic alga that already contains a plastid |
| Define tertiary endosymbiosis | Occurs when a eukaryote engulfs another eukaryote that already gained plastids via secondary endosymbiosis |
| Define microphyll | small leaf with a single vein (lycophytes) |
| Define megaphyll | large leaf with branched veins (ferns, seed plants) |
| Define sporophyll | leaf that bears sporangia |
| Define sporophyte | diploid generation that produces spores |
| Define gametophyte | haploid generation that produces gametes |
| Define spore | haploid reproductive cell that grows into gametophyte |
| Define gamete | haploid sex cell (egg or sperm) |
| Define sporangia | structures that produce spores |
| Define gametangia | structures that produce gametes |
| Define xylem | vascular tissue that transports water and minerals |
| Define phloem | vascular tissue that transports sugars |
| Define lignin | strengthening polymer in plant cell walls |
| Define roots | absorb water and minerals, anchor plant |
| Define rhizoids | root-like structures in bryophytes |
| Define vascular tissue | transport system (xylem & phloem) |
| Define cuticle | waxy coating preventing water loss |
| Define stomata | pores controlling gas exchange |
| Define seed | Embryo + stored food + protective coat |
| Define homospory | Production of one type of spore |
| Define heterospory | Production of two types: Microspores (male) Megaspores (female) |
| Define ovule | Structure that contains female gametophyte and develops into seed after fertilization |
| Define pollen | Male gametophyte enclosed in protective wall |
| Define fruit | Mature ovary that encloses seed |
| Define endosperm | Nutritive tissue formed after double fertilization in angiosperms |
| Define double fertilization | One sperm fertilizes egg → embryo Second sperm fertilizes central cell → endosperm |
Created by:
KristenR2025