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CECS 343 Quiz3- CH.4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Process Model? | A description of what tasks need to be performed, in what sequence, under what condition, by whom, to achieve the desired result. |
| What five things does a Process Model describe? | Tasks, sequence, conditions, people (whom), and desired result |
| Why have a Process Model? | To provide guidance for systematic coordination and control of tasks and personnel |
| What are the key words associated with a Process Model? | Coordination/control, tasks, people |
| Do we need a process if a project requires only one or two people? | Yes (implied), although the process may be simple and informal. |
| What is the "simple and familiar" process commonly followed by individuals? | Understand the problem -> design -> code -> unit test/debug |
| Which steps are often skipped in the simple process? | Unit testing and debugging |
| What step is often insufficiently considered before coding? | Thorough understanding of the problem statement (requirements) |
| Why did the simple process need to be extended? | Projects became larger and more complex |
| List four needs that arose as projects became more complex. | Clarify/stabilize requirements, test more functionality, design more carefully, reuse software/tools |
| Name three types of tools/software commonly reused in larger projects. | Database systems, networks, code control systems |
| What was the result of involving more people and tools? | More tasks and more people |
| With more people and tasks, what must be defined? | Tasks, task sequence, inputs/outputs, preconditions/postconditions, people and skills |
| What are preconditions and postconditions? | Conditions required before a task begins and conditions that must be met after completion |
| What are three benefits of a defined process? | Better understanding of tasks, clearer responsibilities, easier measurement and control |
| Why were formal software processes recognized as necessary? | Due to failures in developing large, complex software systems |
| Which activities were often missing in early "simple" processes? | Requirements analysis, design, formal testing, packaging |
| What is the Waterfall model primarily coping with? | The absence of a defined process |
| What is required before starting the Waterfall process? | Requirements must be specified |
| What are the four main tasks in the Waterfall model? | Requirements, design, code, test |
| What follows the four main Waterfall tasks? | Integration |
| How does management track progress in the Waterfall model? | Output of one stage feeds into the next in sequence |
| What is Incremental Model (A) also called? | Continuous Integration |
| How is work divided in Incremental Model (A)? | Each major requirement/item is developed separately |
| What sequence does each requirement follow in Incremental Model (A)? | Requirement -> design -> code -> unit test |
| What happens after individual pieces are completed? | They are continuously merged into a common bucket for integrated system testing |
| What is Incremental Model (B) also called? | Multiple Releases |
| How does Incremental Model (B) differ from Model (A)? | Small sets of requirements are developed, packaged, and released multiple times |
| How many phases are cycled through in the Spiral Model? | Four phases |
| What type of process is the Spiral Model? | Risk-averse |
| Who first proposed the Spiral Model? | Barry Boehm |
| What does RUP stand for? | Rational Unified Process |
| What are the four phases for RUP? | Inception, Elaboration, Construction, Transition |
| What criteria does each RUP phase have? | Entry and Exit criteria |
| What must a process model include to be more than a guideline? | Entry and Exit criteria |
| What is the purpose of entry criteria? | Define conditions required before performing an activity |
| What is the purpose of exit criteria? | Define when an activity is considered complete |
| Who proposed the original Capability Maturity Model (CMM)? | Software Engineering Institute (SEI) |
| When was the original CMM proposed? | Early 1990s |
| What are the two main goals of CMM? | Assess maturity and provide guidance in software development |
| What characterizes the Initial level of CMM? | No process; success depends on luck or a special person |
| What characterizes the Repeatable level of CMM? | Mastery of six processes; success can be repeated |
| Name the six Repeatable-level processes. | Requirement Management, Project Tracking, Quality Assurance, Project Planning, Subcontract Management, Configuration Management |
| What characterizes the Defined level of CMM? | Seven additional processes mastered; competent software construction |
| How many new processes are introduced at the Managed level? | Two |
| What do Managed-level processes focus on? | Quantitative measurement and quality |
| What characterizes the Optimizing level of CMM? | Continuous Improvement |
| How many processes must be mastered to reach the Optimizing level? | 18 processes |
| When was CMM upgraded to CMMI? | 2001 |
| What does CMMI stand for? | Capability Maturity Model Integrated |
| Name four major aspects included in CMMI. | Systems, engineering, software engineering, integrated product and process development, supplier sourcing |
| How many processes are defined in CMMI? | 25 processes |
| What are the four major categories of CMMI processes? | Process Management, Project Management, Engineering, Support |
| In which representation does each process start at capability level 0? | Continuous representation |
| Which representation allows organizations to pick which process to improve? | Continuous representation |
| Which representation starts at maturity level 1? | Staged representation |
| Which representation allows easier comparison of organizations by maturity level? | Staged representation |
| What are the two main components of process definition? | Major activities and sequencing of activities |
| Why do most organizations need to modify existing processes? | To better fit their specific needs |
| Name four elements included in a refined process definition. | Detailed activities, entry/exit controls, artifacts, human resources, tools. |
Created by:
MinYoongi67