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Bio 1134 Exam 1

TermDefinition
Darwin Natural selection, studied around Galápagos Islands, descent with modification, theory of evolution by natural selection and common ancestry
Wallace Common ancestry and natural selection, same studies as Darwin
Lamarck Transformism: adaptation through inheritance of inherited changes, did not believe in extinction, evolutionary concept: organisms evolve with adaptations
Cuvier Life has a direction, idea of extinction, did not believe in transformism
Hutton Paleontology: the slowly changing Earth, uniformitarianism: processes shaping Earth now have occurred in the past
Leclerc Comparative anatomy, struggle for existence and inheritance of traits
Aristotle Essentialism: every species is identical and does not change
PointMutation Changes one or a few base pairs in a gene (most common)
SubsitutionOrMissenseMutation One nucleotide changed
NonsenseMutation Early stop codon
InsertionMutation Inserts a new codon
FrameshiftMutation Changes the whole frame of reading, many changes
DeletionMutation Codon is removed or deleted
Malthus Species have potential for fertility, natural resources are limited and remain constant in stable environments, idea of struggle for existence
NaturalSelection Selected adaptations that increase fitness
DirectionalSelection Favors one phenotype over another
DisruptiveSelection Favors extreme phenotypes
StabilizingSelection Favors intermediate phenotypes
GeneticDrift Causes evolution to occur, allele frequencies can shift and become eliminated, decreases variation, and is random
FounderEffect Causes genetic drift, only a few individuals can start a new population so allele frequency changes
Bottleneck Effect Occurs if a disaster drastically reduces the size of a population, diversity will suddenly decrease
NonrandomMating Sexual selection and artificial selection can alter mating patterns and can influence what traits are passed to future generations
Homology Similarities between traits in different species because they share a common ancestor
Vestigal When a structure has lost most or all of its original function through evolution, but it is still present
Analogous Structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins, they evolve independently in different lineages
CrypticSpecies Two or more species that look almost identical but are actually different species genetically and reproductively
BiologicalSpeciesConcept A group of populations whose members can interbreed in nature and produce offspring and are reproductively isolated from other such groups
Created by: odetteschnell7
 

 



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