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miss4378 exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which five essential components comprise an organization's Information Systems (IS) infrastructure? | Hardware, system software, storage, networking, and data centers. |
| What is the primary typical use for a supercomputer in an organization? | Scientific research. |
| Which type of computer is specifically designed for transaction processing and enterprise-wide applications? | Mainframe computer. |
| How do servers differ from workstations in terms of their typical number of simultaneous users? | Servers support 10,000+ simultaneous users, while workstations typically support only one. |
| What is the primary function of system software within an IS infrastructure? | It controls computer hardware operations. |
| Examples of system software include Windows, OS X, Ubuntu, and _____. | Linux |
| In an organizational context, what is the specific purpose of 'Operational Data' storage? | Managing business processes such as transaction processing or data analysis. |
| Which type of storage data consists of short-term copies used to recover from system-related disasters? | Backup data. |
| What is 'Archival Data' primarily used for in an organization? | Compliance and reporting purposes over the long term. |
| A Personal Area Network (PAN) is generally characterized by wireless communication within a range of under _____ meters. | 10 |
| Which network type is designed to share data and applications between several users typically within a single building? | Local Area Network (LAN). |
| What is the function of a Wide Area Network (WAN)? | Connecting multiple LANs across large physical distances, ranging from citywide to worldwide. |
| In networking, what is the role of a 'Client'? | To consume resources hosted by servers. |
| What is a 'Peer' in a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network architecture? | A computer that both serves and consumes resources, interacting with similar computers. |
| The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked documents that utilizes protocols like HTML and _____. | HTTP |
| What is the bit-size difference between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses? | IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, whereas IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses. |
| Which private, password-protected website is designed specifically for sharing information within a company? | Intranet |
| How does an Extranet differ from an Intranet regarding its intended users? | Extranets are for authorized business partners, while Intranets are for authorized employees. |
| Moore's Law originally predicted that the number of transistors on a computer chip would double every _____ years. | two |
| In the context of IS infrastructure, what does 'Scalability' refer to? | The ability to adapt internal capacity to handle demand fluctuations efficiently. |
| Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) builds systems using three main principles: reusability, interoperability, and _____. | componentization |
| What is 'IP Convergence'? | The use of a common IP-based network infrastructure to allow various devices to communicate. |
| Which practice involves using virtualization, power management software, and responsible hardware retirement to reduce environmental impact? | Green IT. |
| What is the primary difference between Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0? | Industry 4.0 focuses on autonomous machine operation, while Industry 5.0 focuses on human-centric collaboration. |
| How do Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) help companies scale applications? | They allow for connecting services and scaling functionality without rebuilding entire applications. |
| In a smart factory, what is the 'competency gap'? | The widening difference in skills between the existing workforce and the needs of autonomous digital systems. |
| What is the risk of allowing applications to access a database directly rather than through an API? | Users could theoretically view or change sensitive data without a middle layer of control or security. |
| How does 'Fog Computing' differ from 'Cloud Computing' regarding data processing? | Fog computing handles real-time data closer to the source to reduce latency compared to centralized cloud processing. |
| What is a 'Digital Twin' in a manufacturing context? | A digital representation that updates using real-time data to influence or automate operational actions. |
| According to the resource material, when does technology create a 'sustainable' competitive advantage? | When it is difficult to imitate and supported by unique processes, data, or specialized expertise. |
| What is 'Competitive Parity'? | Using technology only to keep up with competitors rather than to gain a superior market position. |
| In MIS education, why is there a shift in value from manual coding to 'systems thinking'? | AI can now generate large portions of code, shifting human value toward strategic technology use and governance. |
| What is the 'vicious cycle' of IS infrastructure? | Enhanced capacity drives new applications, which in turn require even more capacity. |
| Why is 'Digital Orchestration' considered a fragile state for technically advanced factories? | The loss of traditional 'boots-on-the-ground' experience can lead to systems that are advanced but operationally brittle. |
| Which technology allows marketers to move beyond what consumers say they feel by showing what their brains are experiencing? | Neuro-Adaptive Marketing. |
| What is the role of a Customer Data Platform (CDP)? | Connecting fragmented customer data into a single profile for personalized reporting and marketing. |
| What is the 'Black Box' problem in AI algorithms? | The lack of transparency in how an algorithm calculates scores or makes decisions. |
| In an oil and gas context, how can IoT-based monitoring create 'customer lock-in'? | By integrating service reliability and data insights that make switching to a competitor difficult. |
| What is the primary danger of a company becoming 'too' API-dependent? | The company's software may fail or become obsolete if core external APIs are shut down or deprecated. |
| How does 'Edge Computing' provide value in high-automation environments? | It provides faster data processing for real-time decision-making, though at a higher cost than the cloud. |
| Which business-IT concept drives IS infrastructure changes to enable innovative models? | Business-IT Alignment. |
| What characterizes the 'Cloud Computing Era' beginning around 2010? | Ubiquitous mobile connectivity, Big Data, and the Internet of Things (IoT). |
| Why might a manufacturing company prioritize 'Industry 5.0' over 'Industry 4.0'? | To augment human capabilities with technology rather than replacing workers entirely. |
| What is the potential 'global economic consequence' of the smart factory divide? | A growing gap between nations with advanced infrastructure and those relying on outsourced manual labor. |
| In the context of AI ethics, what is 'gatekeeping'? | When AI systems determine who advances academically or professionally based on algorithmic assessments. |
| Why is 'Knowledge Preservation' critical when transitioning to autonomous digital orchestration? | To ensure that institutional manufacturing knowledge is not lost as manual roles are automated. |
| What defines the 'Interpersonal Computing Era' (1990s-2000)? | High-speed networks and low-cost PCs with integrated video, audio, and data. |
| What is the cost range for a modern Supercomputer as mentioned in the text? | Up to $200 million. |
| In networking, what is the specific role of 'Protocols'? | They provide the rules for communication between the sender and receiver. |
| How can APIs help filter 'bad data' in automated systems? | By acting as a filter or validation layer between raw data and the machines/robots. |
| Which infrastructure component is described as the 'host' for serving data, applications, and websites over a network? | Servers. |
| What is 'Grid Computing'? | The process of solving large, complex problems by utilizing the combined power of many remote PCs. |
| What is the 'Digital Divide' in the context of AI-driven education? | The gap created when students with better technology access benefit more from personalized AI tools than others. |
| In a hospital setting, what is 'Clinician Autonomy' in relation to AI? | The level of authority medical professionals retain to intervene or override algorithmic decision-making. |
| Which storage factor is defined as 'Short term copies used to recover from system-related disaster'? | Backup data. |
| What is the primary risk junior developers face as basic coding tasks are automated by AI? | Losing the 'hands-on' experience needed to eventually become senior architects. |
| A URL can be expressed directly as an IP address, but it is more common to use its related _____. | domain name |
| Which era of computing began around 1946 with vacuum tubes? | The Mainframe Era. |
| What is 'IP Telephony' (VoIP)? | Voice communication transmitted over a common network infrastructure using IP. |
| In networking, what range defines a Local Area Network (LAN)? | Typically within a single building. |
| What defines 'Vulnerable Roles' in the context of AI displacement? | Roles consisting primarily of manual or routine technical tasks that AI can easily replicate. |
| How does a robust IS infrastructure support an organization's strategy? | By enabling the business processes and applications necessary to execute that strategy. |
| What is 'Predictive Access' in healthcare technology? | Using data systems to forecast patient needs and manage clinician resources. |
| Why is 'Technical Debt' a concern during infrastructure modernization? | It can expose unique data assets to heightened cybersecurity risks if not streamlined correctly. |
| What is the primary focus of 'Business Intelligence' in relation to storage? | Using unprecedented levels of data and powerful hardware for strategic decision-making. |
| In the provided text, what percentage of IS capacity is estimated to be used only 20% of the time? | Up to 70%. |
| Which type of computer physical size is described as 'Like a refrigerator'? | Mainframe computer. |
| What is the purpose of 'Archival Data' in IS infrastructure? | Long-term copies used for compliance and reporting. |
| A Virtual Private Network (VPN) securely connects a user to a company's _____. | Intranet |
| What characterizes a 'Smart Factory' in the current 'Internetworking Era'? | Massive real-time data generation from sensors, AI, and digital twins. |
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444ali