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Bone Fractures

Chapter 6 - A & P Lecture

QuestionAnswer
what is bone fracture classification based on? mechanism of frature, soft tissue damage, fracture pattern, number of fragments, age specific characteristics
how are fractures classified based on the mechanism of fracture? tramatic, disease related (pathological), at location of an implant
how are fractures classified based on soft tissue damage? close (skin intact), open (skin broken), displaced, non-displaced
how are fractures classified based on fracture pattern? linear, spiral, avulsion, stress, compression
how are the fractures classified based on the number of bone fragments? incomplete, complete, comminuted
what are age specific fracture types? greenstick fractures & epiphyseal fractures
what is the 1st step in bone repair? hematoma formation
what is a hematoma? a localized mass of blood released from blood vessels but confined within a organ/space. a clot forms at the fracture site, and bone tissue in the area dies
what is the 2nd step in bone repair? callus formation
what is a callus? a mass of tissue that forms at a fracture site and connects the broken ends of the bone
what happens during internal callus formation? 1) blood vessels grow into the hematoma 2) debris and dead tissue are removed 3) collagen, cartilage, new bone form
what happens during external callus formation? bone and cartilage collar fomrs around the outside of the fracture, stabilizing the broked bone ends
what is the 3rd step in bone repair? callus ossification
what happens during callus ossification? callus is replaced by woven, spongy bone
what is the 4th step in bone repair? bone remodeling
what happens during bone remodeling in fracture repair? spongy bone and damaged material are replaced by compact bone, and the area is reshaped by osteoclasts
 

 



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