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Chapter 13
Temperature and Thermometers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is ‘temperature’? | Temperature is the measure of the hotness or coldness of a body. |
| What is the SI unit of temperature | Kelvin (K) |
| Is the size of one kelvin the same as the size of one celsius | yes |
| What is 0k in celsius | –273.15 ⁰C. |
| What is 0 ⁰C equal to in kelvin? | 273.15 K |
| How do you convert from one temperature scale to another | To convert from degrees Celsius to kelvin: add 273.15 To convert from kelvin to degrees Celsius: subtract 273.15 |
| are there negative kelvin values | temperatures in kelvin are always positive. |
| What is the difference between a ‘thermometric property’ and a ‘thermometer’? | A thermometric property is any physical property that changes measurably with temperature. A thermometer is an instrument based on a particular thermometric property and used to measure temperature. |
| How do mercury-in-glass and alcohol-in-glass thermometers work | When a liquid is heated, it expands. That is, its volume increases. If put into a thin capillary tube, the length of the column of liquid will increase as the temperature increases. The mercury-in-glass and alcohol-in-glass thermometers are based on this. |
| How does a thermistor work and how can you measure temperature using electrical resistance | The electrical resistance of a conductor changes with temperature. For a metal, the resistance increases with increasing temperature. For a semiconductor, or carbon, the resistance decreases with increasing temperature. A resistance thermometer is based on this thermometric property. A thermistor (shown) is a semiconductor whose electrical resistance decreases rapidly with a small rise in temperature. Resistance is measured with an ohmmeter. |
| How can you measure temperature using a thermocouple | If two different metals are joined together to form a complete circuit and the two junctions are maintained at different temperatures, a small emf (voltage) of a few millivolts appears across the circuit. The size of the emf depends on the temperature difference between the junctions. The cold junction is a fixed temperature, and the other is varied. This device is called a thermocouple; it can be used to measure temperature. |
| What are the Characteristics of a good thermometric property | An ideal thermometric property: Is accurately measurable Varies continuously with temperature Is measurable over a wide range of temperatures Is very sensitive to temperature change Does not take too much heat from the object whose heat is being measured (has a small heat capacity) Changes quickly in response to a temperature change Varies linearly with temperature and in sync with other types of thermometers |
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21JulianM
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