Why do many animals need a heart and cicrulation

SA:V ratio limits effectiveness of diffusion for larger organisms, requires mass transport to supply reactants for metabolic processes

Transporting molecules in a solvent using a pressure gradient

Dipole nature - uneven distribution of charge. Hydrogen bonds as H are delta+. Solvent, liquid, high shc.

Capillaries, arteries and veins

First vessel from heart and structure and function

Artery. Narrow lumen, thick walls with smooth muscle tissue, elastic fibres and collagen to withstand and maintain pressure and recoil. Smooth endothelial lining

Capillaries, narrow to create friction to slow blood for diffusion, also done by branching. 1 cell thick to minimise diffusion distance. Many winding to maximise SA.

Veins. Wide lumens and narrow walls due to low pressure. Valves prevent backflow due to low pressure. Blood moves up due to action of skeletal muscles. Some muscle and elastic fibres and collagen but less.

Atrial systole forces blood into ventricles. Ventricular systole pushes blood where it goes. Diastole reopens the heart and begins to fill the atria.

Blood vessels and valves in the heart.

Atria and ventricles. Vena Cava, tricuspid valve, semi-lunar valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, bicuspid valve, semi-lunar valve, aorta.

Poor water in different vessels do investigate 1-directional flow due to valves. Familiar with pressure at different times.

Atherosclerosis process

High blood pressure causing damage to artery wall. Inflammatory response. WBCs and cholesterol accumulate and move into the wall. Causing fatty deposit - atheroma. Ca2+ and finrous tissue cause plaque build up. atheroma hardens, wall elasticity drops.

Damage to artery wall exposing collagen. Platelets make contact, change shape and form plug. Release thromboplastin causing prothrombin -> thrombin, an enzyme which causes soluble fibrinogen->fibrin which makes a tangled mesh, trapping RBCs. Clot.

Conditions which affect the heart or blood vessels.

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Bio topic 1

Question	Answer
Why do many animals need a heart and cicrulation	SA:V ratio limits effectiveness of diffusion for larger organisms, requires mass transport to supply reactants for metabolic processes
Mass transport	Transporting molecules in a solvent using a pressure gradient
Water	Dipole nature - uneven distribution of charge. Hydrogen bonds as H are delta+. Solvent, liquid, high shc.
Blood vessels	Capillaries, arteries and veins
First vessel from heart and structure and function	Artery. Narrow lumen, thick walls with smooth muscle tissue, elastic fibres and collagen to withstand and maintain pressure and recoil. Smooth endothelial lining
Next	Capillaries, narrow to create friction to slow blood for diffusion, also done by branching. 1 cell thick to minimise diffusion distance. Many winding to maximise SA.
Next	Veins. Wide lumens and narrow walls due to low pressure. Valves prevent backflow due to low pressure. Blood moves up due to action of skeletal muscles. Some muscle and elastic fibres and collagen but less.
Cardiac cycle	Atrial systole forces blood into ventricles. Ventricular systole pushes blood where it goes. Diastole reopens the heart and begins to fill the atria.
Blood vessels and valves in the heart.	Atria and ventricles. Vena Cava, tricuspid valve, semi-lunar valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, bicuspid valve, semi-lunar valve, aorta.
Practical heart	Poor water in different vessels do investigate 1-directional flow due to valves. Familiar with pressure at different times.
Atherosclerosis process	High blood pressure causing damage to artery wall. Inflammatory response. WBCs and cholesterol accumulate and move into the wall. Causing fatty deposit - atheroma. Ca2+ and finrous tissue cause plaque build up. atheroma hardens, wall elasticity drops.
Blood clot	Damage to artery wall exposing collagen. Platelets make contact, change shape and form plug. Release thromboplastin causing prothrombin -> thrombin, an enzyme which causes soluble fibrinogen->fibrin which makes a tangled mesh, trapping RBCs. Clot.
CVD definition	Conditions which affect the heart or blood vessels.

Created by: pemmb

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