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Antimicrobial Drugs

TermDefinition
Selective toxicity Target infective agent without damaging host cells
Antibiotic Substance produced by a microbe that inhibits other microbes
Kirby-Bauer Technique Surface of agar plate is spread with bacteria among antibiotics
E Test (epsilometer) Plastic strip containing antibiotics at decreasing concentrations
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration The smallest concentration of drug that inhibits growth
Tube Dilution Test Antimicrobial is diluted with broth to get a pure culture to examine
In vitro In test tube
In vivo In body
Therapeutic Index Ratio of the dose of a drug that is toxic to humans compared to its minimum effective dose (higher = safer)
Antibacterial drugs Based on differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Narrow Spectrum of Microbial Activity Affect a limited range of microbial types
Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Affect a wide range of gram positive/negative bacteria
Superinfection Overgrowth of normal microbiota and pathogens developing antibiotic resistance
Bactericidal Kills microbes directly
Goals of Chemotherapy Disrupt the structure or function of an organism so it cannot survive
Polypeptides Antibiotics Small proteins with antimicrobial properties that are made and secreted by bacteria
Antimycobacterial Antibiotics Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis or incorporation of mycolic acid into call wall
Inhibiting protein synthesis Targets bacterial ribosomes
Aminoglycosides Change shape of ribosomes
Tetracyclines Alter tRNA attachment to ribosome
Lipopeptides Lipid and protein molecule
Sterol Interrupt sterol synthesis or target sterols
Quinolones Inhibits bacterial DNA via broad spectrum
Folic Acid Synthesis Target pathways used by microbes
Sulfonamides Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Persister cells Microbes with genetic characteristics that survive when exposed to antibiotic
Superbugs Bacteria that are resistant to many antibiotics
Created by: user-2027254
 

 



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