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Study Stack Ch.7
- Price Cooper
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Conduct disorder | A disorder characterized by overt, aggressive, disruptive behavior or covert antisocial acts such as stealing, lying, and fire setting; may include both overt and covert acts |
| Strauss syndrome | Behaviors of distractibility, forced responsiveness to stimuli, and hyperactivity; based on the work of Alfred Strauss and Heinz Werner with children with intellectual disabilities. |
| Cerebral palsy (CP) | A condition characterized by paralysis, weakness, lack of coordination, and/or other motor dysfunction; caused by damage to the brain before it has matured. |
| Minimal brain injury | A term used to describe a child who shows behavioral but not neurological signs of brain injury; the term is not as popular as it once was, primarily because of its lack of diagnostic utility (i.e., some children who learn normally show signs indicative o |
| Hyperactive child syndrome | A term used to refer to children who exhibit inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity; popular in the 1960s and 1970s. |
| Internet gaming disorder | Addiction to playing video games; associated with ADHD; a term being proposed as a psychiatric disorder. |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemicals involved in sending messages between neurons in the brain. |
| Dopamine | A neurotransmitter, the levels of which may be abnormal in people with ADHD. |
| Norepinephrine | A neurotransmitter, the levels of which may be abnormal in people with ADHD. |
| Molecular genetics | Study of the structure and function of genes at the molecular level. |
| Toxins | Poisons in the environment that can cause fetal malformations; can result in cognitive impairments. |
| Executive functioning | The ability to regulate one’s behavior through working memory, inner speech, control of emotions and arousal levels, and analysis of problems and communication of problem solutions to others; delayed or impaired in people with ADHD. |
| Behavioral inhibition | The ability to stop an intended response, to stop an ongoing response, to guard an ongoing response from interruption, and to refrain from responding immediately; allows executive functions to occur; delayed or impaired in those with ADHD. |
| Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) | A set of behaviors characterized by daydreaming, feeling confused, tiring easily; often displayed by persons with ADHD. |
| Adaptive behavior skills | Skills needed to adapt to one’s living environment (e.g., communication, self-care, home living, social skills, community use, self-direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure, and work); usually estimated by an adaptive behavior survey; o |
| Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) | Evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences (what purpose the behavior serves), antecedents (what triggers the behavior), and setting events (contextual factors) that maintain inappropriate behaviors. |
| Contingency-based self-management | Rewards based on use of self-management techniques. |
| Momentary time sampling | An interval recording procedure used to capture a representative sample of a target behavior over a specified period of time. |
| Psychostimulants | Medications that activate dopamine levels in the frontal and prefrontal areas of the brain that control behavioral inhibition and executive functions; used to treat persons with ADHD. |
| Strattera | A nonstimulant medication for ADHD; affects the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. |
| Ritalin | The most commonly prescribed psychostimulant for ADHD; its generic name is methylphenidate. |
| Adderall | A psychostimulant for ADHD; its effects are longer acting than those of Ritalin. |
| Paradoxical effect of Ritalin | The now discredited belief that Ritalin, even though a stimulant, acts to subdue a person’s behavior and that this effect of Ritalin is evident in people with ADHD but not in those without ADHD. |
| Mind-wandering | Difficulty in keeping a train of thought because of thinking about something other than what one is doing; sometimes accompanied by one’s inability to recall what topic(s) he or she was thinking about. |
| Mind-wandering | Difficulty in keeping a train of thought because of thinking about something other than what one is doing; sometimes accompanied by one’s inability to recall what topic(s) he or she was thinking about. |
| Coaching | A technique whereby a friend or therapist offers encouragement and support for a person with ADHD. |
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