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DNA/RNA

biology

TermDefinition
Antiparallel two parallel structures, lines, or molecules that run in opposite directions or orientations.
base paring Base pairing is the specific, hydrogen-bonded pairing of nitrogenous bases
chromation a complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins (mainly histones) found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that packages long DNA strands into a compact, organized structure
Complementary base pair (chargaff’s rule) in DNA, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C), with amounts of A=T and G=C.
DNA polymerase an essential enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of new DNA strands by adding free nucleotides to a template strand during DNA replication
DNA replication the essential biological process of copying a cell's entire genome before cell division, ensuring each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes
Double helix the 3D, twisted-ladder structure of DNA, consisting of two anti-parallel, complementary polynucleotide strands
hydrogen bonds a specialized, relatively weak electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom (covalently bonded to an electronegative atom like N, O, or F) and another nearby electronegative atom
messanger RNA a single-stranded molecule that carries genetic instructions from DNA in the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm
Nucleiod an irregularly shaped, non-membrane-bound region within a prokaryotic cell (bacteria and archaea) that contains most or all of the genetic material, primarily a single circular chromosome
pyrimindine It acts as a fundamental building block in biology, forming the basis of essential nitrogenous bases
purine They are vital for metabolism, cell division, and genetic regulation, breaking down into uric acid.
RNA a vital, typically single-stranded nucleic acid present in all living cells and some viruses, functioning primarily to convert DNA genetic instructions into proteins.
ribosomal RNA The primary, non-coding component of ribosomes
semiconservitive model during DNA replication, the double-helix unwinds and each parent strand serves as a template for a new, complementary strand.
Transfer RNA a small, cloverleaf-shaped RNA molecule that acts as an adaptor, delivering specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis (translation)
telomere protective, repetitive DNA-protein structures found at the tips of eukaryotic chromosomes
Transformation the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous (foreign) genetic material from its surroundings
Created by: user-2022270
 

 



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