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REL 223 Test #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diaspora Jews | Jews who lived outside of the "homeland" "Hellenists" |
| Gentiles | Non-jews |
| Messiah | God's agent of deliverance |
| Mission to Gentiles | Led by Hellenists (specifically Barnabas and Paul) Mission trips from Antioch Question: "Should gentiles have to become Jews to be Christians?" |
| Where Christian community was establish (where they were first called Christians | Antioch |
| Jerusalem Conference | Requirements for Gentile Christians addressed by Jerusalem leaders and Paul |
| Clash at Antioch | Paul confronts Peter and calls him out for not keeping the truth of the gospel End of Paul's formal ties to the Antioch church |
| Pastoral letters to Congregations from Paul | 1 Thessalonians 1-2 Corinthians Galations Philippians Philemon Romans - Final statement |
| Rome | Paul planned on this place being the base of operations to do mission work in the western Mediterranean |
| Where Paul went and what he did after Clash at Antioch | traveled around the eastern Mediterranean founding churches In 3 main trips according to Acts - Paul speaks of more trips Spends most of time around the Aegean Sea |
| End of Paul's ministry | Paul goes to Jerusalem to deliver collection Met oppositions from non-Christian Jews there Arrested - spent 2 years in prison at Caesarea - then sent to Rome Preached in Rome 2 years on house arrest |
| Paul's death | Paul died as a martyr in Rome |
| Deutero-Pauline letters | Colossians, Ephesians, 2 Thessalonians, 1-2 Timothy, Titus |
| Timeline (Put in order) Jesus' Public ministry Deutero-Pauline letters Written gospels Paul's letters Earliest Christianity | 1. Jesus' Public ministry 2. Earliest Christianity 3. Paul's letters 4. Deutero-Pauline letters 5. Written gospels |
| sources of Paul | Undisputed Paul's letters (Primary) Acts (limited Primary source) Deutero-Pauline letters (disputed source) |
| How Acts and undisputed letters compare | Agree Paul persecuting christians Paul's conversion in Damascus connection to antioch church Paul's relationship to Barnabas Differences Details of travel - alone in Athens? |
| Views on Acts | Fully reject - not true about some things - none of it can be reliable Fully accept acts Use it critically - accepting it case by case |
| Paul's focus | NOT how to deal with a guilty conscience How to include the gentiles into the people of God |
| Greco-Roman religions vs. Modern religions | On Greco-Roman Religions sheet |
| Stoicism | Idea that the world had a soul Ethics: live according to reason, accept what happens |
| Neo-Pythagoreanism | Denied material things - closer to Gd Every human has a spark of divinity in them - goal of life was to re-join divine spirit |
| Cynicism | Didn't shave or bathe Live according to nature - not culture |
| platonism | Dualistic -cosmology - spiritual things > material things - anthropology - soul > body |
| Epicureanism | god's were either uninterested or unwilling to intervene Materialist - world is a rain of atoms Live for pleasure |
| Natural Theology in Acts vs. Romans (Acts) | Problem: Knowledge of God is incomplete (passive ignorance) God's Response: God overlooks it Human status: People remain close to God Solution: Need completed knowlege |
| Natural Theology in Acts vs. Romans (Romans) | Problem: Knowledge of God is corrupted (active denial) God's Response: God judges this and gives people over to wickedness Human status: Guilty and alienated from God Solution: False knowledge must be replaced by true knowledge |
| Jewish law between Acts and letters | Acts: Paul is entirely faithful to Jewish law Letters: Paul says he does not always keep the law because it is no longer required for God's people |
| Eschatology in Acts vs. letters | Acts: Return of the Lord is set in the indeterminate future Letters: Paul expects the return of Christ in his own lifetime |
| Pre-Christian Paul | educated in higher level social class in Jewish community Pharisee |
| What Paul preached | Monotheism Crucifixion Resurrection Return of Jesus Living God |
| Judaism institutions | Nation Temple Synagogue |
| Judaism - Nation | Distinctive cultural/religious group Leaders - High priest, Sanhedrin, scribes |
| Judaism - Temple | Sacred space where they met God Sacrificing of animals by the priest on behalf of Jews Pilgrimage festivals (Passover, feast of weeks, Feast of tents) Temple tax - how Diaspora Jews could be involved |
| Judaism - Synagogue | Local Jewish community (mostly Diaspora) Purpose - communal center (weddings, funerals, circumcisions Care for the poor Worship Local leadership |
| Common Judaism beliefs | monotheism Election of israel - God's special people who keep the Torah Judgement, Repentance, forgiveness Future hope (apocalyptic eschatology - God would intervene and end the present evil age) |
| Common Judaism practices | Worship Circumcision Sabbath (day of rest not worship - although they did worship) Food rules Purity laws |
| Food rules for Common Judaism | mammals must chew the cud and have a parted hoof no: Birds of prey, shellfish, varmints, meat sacrificed to pagan god |
| Purity law for common judaism | Had to be pure to enter temple presiincts Un-pure from: childbirth, period, corpses (if touched), skin diseases |
| Sadducees | Priestly aristocrats in Jerusalem accepted only what was written in torah/laws denied resurrection emphasized free will |
| Pharisees | active mainly around Jerusalem most respected group by people because of: - religious devotion expertise in Law and torah made the law "workable" for people |
| Pharisees belief | tradition of fathers Sought complete righteousness but didn't think of themselves as perfect believed in resurrection believed in free will and divine providence |
| Essenses | radical righteousness and holiness, judged other Jews ans unrighteous/unholy emphasized divine providence |
| Revolutionaries | No king but God - liberation from roman power (no recognition for Caesar) Zealots - revolutionary group active in Jewish revolt against Rome Sicarii - assassinated jewish collaborators with Rome |
| Reformers | various prophets and teachers ex. John the baptist and Jesus |
| Greco-Roman letter form | 1. Opening - sender - recipient - greeting 2. Thanksgiving 3. Body 4. Paraenesis - moral teachings - ethics, how you should live 5. Closing |
| Function of Paul's letters | Represent his apostolic presence window into Paul's relationship with these congregations written to particular communities under particular circumstances Have to be interpreted in context |
| Collection of Paul's letters | Collected as a group Work of Paul's younger associates put in order by size in NT |
| Thessalonica | Capital of Roman province of Macedonia Important trading center |
| First visit to Thessalonica | congregation was facing persecution - from other Thessalonians preached to gentiles got to know the congregation very well left because of persecution While jews didn't have to worship gods, gentiles were still required to by law |
| Occasion of 1 Thessalonians | Paul is in Athens - likely sick - so he sent Timothy He is worried about new believers and their commitment |
| Main points of 1 Thessalonians in response to the Thessalonians congregation | persecution Paul's initial ministry timing of parousia what will happen to those who died before Parousia |
| Parousia | Christ's return/end times |
| 1 Thessalonians themes | Encourages faith in face of persecution Defends his initial visit as one of integrity and tenderness Calls for godly living Teaching about the return of Christ |
| Literary outline for 1 Thessalonians | 2 letters? Opening (1) Thanksgiving Body ----- Thanksgiving Body Paraenesis/Closing ------ Paraenesis closing |
| Old Testament Prophetic Eschatology | Historical Processes This age --> in that day (peace, long life, justice, freedom from enemies, judgement of wicked |
| Early Jewish Apocalyptic Eschatology | Dramatic Divine Intervention (one like the son of man) This Age --> Age to come (judgement, destruction of sinners and satan, resurrection, rule of God, as well as peace, justice, righteousness, etc. |
| Early Christian Apocalyptic Eschatology | Dramatic Divine Intervention (the son of man = Jesus) Same as Early Jewish Apocalyptic Eschatology but now we know who the son of man is who will come |
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