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U.S History
Test terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ming Dynasty | The Ming dynasty ruled China from 1368–1644 . It mattered because it strengthened bureaucracy, expanded trade, and inspired the silk road. |
| Atlantic World | the interconnected system of trade, migration, and cultural exchange between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. |
| Islam | monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century. It mattered historically because Islamic empires controlled key trade routes and preserved knowledge that later influenced Europe. |
| Migration | Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. like European migration reshaped populations in the Americas |
| Crisis | Crisis refers to periods of instability caused by war, disease, or economic disruption. Crises often forced societies to adapt or collapse. |
| Church of England | The Church of England was created when England broke from the Catholic Church. religious disagreements led to Puritans, Pilgrims, and colonization. |
| Covenant | A covenant was a religious agreement between God and a community. Puritan colonies believed their success depended on obedience to God. |
| Columbian Exchange | The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Old and New Worlds. |
| Contact Zones | Contact zones are areas where different cultures met and interacted. West Central Africa, Caribbean ports, and Colonial outposts in the Americas. |
| Caribbean | The Caribbean was one of the first contact zones of the "New World" colonized by Spanish, contacted first by Columbus. |
| Taíno | The Taíno were Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, first made contact with Columbus. Their population collapsed due to disease, violence, and forced labor. |
| Hernán Cortés | Hernán Cortés a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire and the Mayan Empire. |
| Moctezuma | Moctezuma II was the Aztec emperor during the Spanish conquest. |
| Plunder | The violent taking of wealth and resources, like other European's plundering Spanish ships, and Europeans plundering Native American wealth. |
| Demographics | Demographics refers to population characteristics like size and composition. European diseases and mistreatment caused massive Indigenous demographic shift. |
| Colonization | Colonization is the process of settling and controlling foreign lands, characterized by European populations. |
| Florida | Florida was Spain’s first permanent foothold in North America. It was important for defense and Catholic missions. |
| St. Augustine | St. Augustine was founded in 1565 and is the oldest permanent European settlement in the U.S. |
| New Mexico | New Mexico was a Spanish colonial region focused on missions and Native conversion. |
| Santa Fe | Santa Fe became the capital of New Mexico. It showed Spain’s inland expansion. |
| Jamestown | The first permanent English settlement. It struggled but survived through tobacco. |
| Powhatan | Title of indigenous leader that led Native groups near Jamestown. |
| Tobacco | Tobacco was a cash crop grown in Virginia. It made colonization profitable and increased labor demand. |
| Indentured Servants | Indentured servants worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America. They were key to early labor systems. |
| Slavery | The forced labor of peoples, It became central to colonial economies. |
| Pilgrims | The Pilgrims were Separatists seeking religious freedom. They founded Plymouth Colony. |
| Mayflower | Mayflower was one of the ships that carried the Pilgrims to America. |
| Plymouth | Plymouth Colony was founded in 1620 by pilgrims in Massachusetts |
| Massachusetts Bay | Home to Massachusetts Bay Colony that was established by puritan refugees, and eventually absorbed surrounding |
| Roger Williams | Roger Williams supported religious freedom and founded Rhode Island. |
| Anne Hutchinson | Anne Hutchinson challenged Puritan leaders and was banished |
| Middle Colonies | The Middle Colonies were economically diverse and religiously tolerant. They included New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. |
| Pequot War | The Pequot War was a violent conflict between English settlers and the Pequot tribe. It showed growing colonial power and Native displacement. |
| New Netherland | New Netherland was a Dutch colony focused on trade. It later became New York. |
| Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania was founded by Quakers and known for religious tolerance and good Native relations. |
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SholamStudies