Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PRAXIS TESOL part 7
cognitive theory of development-linking verbs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| linking verbs | join the subject of a sentence to the subject complement, which follows the verb and provides more information about the subject. Ex. In "The dog is cute" Dog is the subject, is is the linking verb, and cute is the subject complement |
| conjugation | the process of changing the spelling of a word and or adding helping verbs. Verbs can be conjugated to indicate tense, person, and number. Subjects and verbs must agree. |
| Infinitive | a verb that has not been conjugated and begins with to (ex. to swim) |
| Active voice | the subject of the sentence performs the main action of the sentence ex. Alexis played tennis |
| passive voice | the subject of the sentence is receiving the action of the main verb ex. tennis was played. The verb is emphasized, not the subject. Normally used when subject is unknown or unimportant. |
| direct object | noun that receives the action of the verb |
| transitive verbs | require a direct object Ex. the transitive verb throw has a direct object (ball) in this sentence "The pitcher will throw the ball" |
| intransitive verbs | do not require a direct object Ex. run, swim, jump |
| Indirect object | receives the direct object of the sentence Ex. Antoine is the indirect object in the sentence "The pitcher will throw Antoine the ball" |
| comparative adjectives | used to compare 2 things and uses -er |
| superlative adjectives | used to compare 3 things and uses -est |
| adjective clause | a clause that describes something ex. which is green and well worn |
| adverb clause | a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb in the main or independent clause of a sentence Ex. Because it was raining, I decided to take my umbrella. "Because it was raining" modifies the verb "decided" |
| conjunctions | short words that connect words, phrases, or sentences Ex. and or but so for nor yet |
| correlative conjunctions | join together words, phrases, or independent clauses. Ex. whether/or, either/or, neither/nor, both/and, not only/ but also. Used together with the conjunction it shares a slash with |
| subordinating conjunctions | join dependent clauses to the independent clauses to which they are related ex. after, as soon as, as though, because, although, in order to, so that, as, than |
| interjections | words that express emotion such as oh and wow. Often used on their own and are followed by an exclamation point, but can also be part of a sentence |
| determiners | a, an, the. Used before nouns |
| indefinite articles | a, an, do not indicate a specific noun |
| definite articles | the, does indicate a specific noun |
| count nouns | nouns that can be put into plural form ex. two books, seven sins |
| noncount nouns | nouns that can't be counted and can't be changed into plural form ex. money greed furniture |
| person | the point of view of the sentence |
| simple present | verb tense used to talk about habits and unchanging general truths and facts. two forms, singular and plural |
| simple past | used to talk about things that happened began, and ended at a certain point in the past |
| simple future tense | used to talk about events in the future, uses the helping verbs will and the simple form of a verb or a be verb + going to + the simple form of the verb. Ex. will run or am going to run |
| present perfect | used to talk about events that happened in the past at an unspecified time or things that began in the past and continue in the present. Uses the helping verbs has/have + the past participle form of the verb. Ex. We have traveled to Canada several times |
| past perfect | used to talk about an event in the past that has happened before another event in the past. uses helping verb had+ the past participle of the verb. Ex. we had finished dinner when she brought out the cake |
| future perfect | used to talk about something in the future that will be completed by a certain time or before another event. Uses helping verbs will have + past participle form of the verb Ex. She will have baked the cake before dinner |
| phrase | group of words that communicates a partial idea and lacks either a subject or a predicate |
| verb phrase | composed of a main verb along with its helping verbs ex. the chef would have created another dish, but the staff protested. "would have created" is the verb phrase |
| noun phrase | consists of a noun and its modifiers ex. The big, red, barn rests beside the vacant chicken house. "the vacant chicken house" is the noun phrase |
| appositive phrase | a particular type of noun phrase that renames the word or group of words that precedes it. usually follow the noun they describe and are set apart by commas. Ex. My dad, a clockmaker, loved antiques. "A clockmaker" is the appositive phrase |
| verbal phrases | begin with a word that would normally act as a verb but instead fills another role within the sentence. Can act as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. |
| Gerund phrases | begin with gerunds, which are verbs that end in -ing and act as nouns. Ex. "Writing numerous Christmas cards" is the gerund phrase in "Writing numerous Christmas cards occupies her aunt's time each year" |
| participial phrase | a verbal phrase that acts as an adjective. Start with either present participles (which end in -ing) or past participles (which normally end in -ed). Participial phrases can be taken from the sentence and the sentence will make sense. |
| infinitive phrase | a verbal phrase that may act as a noun, adjective, or adverb. begin with the word "to" followed by the simple form of the verb Ex. "To visit Europe" in "To visit Europe had always been her dream." |
| Dependent clauses | are begun with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun/adjective |
| complex sentence | 1 independent clause and one or more dependent clauses |
| compound- complex sentence | two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clause |
| commas | used in lists, to join independent clauses, used after introductory words or phrases, used to set apart extra clauses and phrases used before quotations |
| colons | used to let the reader know that a list or explanation is coming in the sentence |
| em dash- | used to indicate a range of dates |
| em dash -- | used to indicate an abrupt break in a sentence and emphasize the words within the em dashes |
| brackets | used to enclose added words to a quotation and add insignificant information within parentheses |
| slash | used to separate lines of poetry within a text or indicate interchangeable terminology |
| ellipses | used to indicate information removed from a quotation to indicate a missing line of poetry or create a reflective pause |
| language learning | comes through direct instruction, students are conscious of the fact that they are learning and gaining knowledge and are able to speak about their new knowledge and explain where it comes from |
| language acquisition | a subconscious process in which language is internalized without deliberate intent |
| Cognitive theory of development | Composed of 4 stages which describe the cognitive abilities of children as they move from childhood to adolescence and construct their own understanding of the world. No stages can be skipped |
Created by:
cbowle14