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H Bio Unit 6
Protein Synthesis & Mutations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5-carbon sugar in RNA nucleotides | ribose |
| 5-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides | deoxyribose |
| in RNA, nitrogenous base that bonds with adenine | uracil |
| transcription | process of making an mRNA copy of a DNA gene |
| codon | three nucleotides on the mRNA that code for an amino acid |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| anticodon | three nucleotides on the tRNA that bind with mRNA codons |
| organelle where translation takes place | ribosome |
| gene | specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein or a functional RNA molecule |
| RNA polymerase | adds complementary RNA nucleotides to a strand of mRNA |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| tRNA | transfer RNA |
| nondisjunction | chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase |
| point mutation | substitution of one base for another |
| mutation | permanent change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA |
| frameshift mutation | a base is added or deleted, changing the sequence of amino acids |
| silent mutation | a base substitution; no change in the amino acid |
| missense mutation | a base substitution; change in the amino acid |
| nonsense mutation | a base substitution resulting in a STOP codon |
| makes up the ribosome | rRNA (ribosomal RNA) |
| translation | the process of converting an mRNA sequence to a sequence of amino acids |
| protein synthesis; gene expression | the process of creating a protein, which involves both transcription and translation |
| substitution mutation | replacement of one nitrogen base with another; also known as a point mutation |
| inversion | the reversal of a segment of a chromosome |
| translocation | the exchange of genetic material between two chromosomes containing different genes |
| template DNA strand | the 3' --> 5' DNA strand, where transcription occurs |
| post-transcriptional processing | pre-mRNA processing that occurs in the nucleus and converts it to a functional mRNA molecule |
| exon | sequences of nucleotides that code for a protein |
| intron | sequences of nucleotides that by themselves, do not code for a protein |
| alternative splicing | mRNA transcripts containing different combinations of exons (and introns) from the same gene. Results in different proteins being made from the same gene. |
| promoter | DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription |
| terminator | DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription |
Created by:
onceamustang