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Unit 3 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acculturation | When an ethnic or immigrant group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them, while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture |
| Assimilation | This happens when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group. This often occurs as ethnic groups become more affluent and leave their ethnic areas. |
| Sacred | Connected with God (or the gods) or dedicated to a religious purpose and deserving respect. |
| Polytheism | Belief in or worship of more than one god. |
| Caste System | The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned, according to religious law. |
| Pidgin Language | A simplified mixture of two languages. |
| Expansion Diffusion | The spread of cultural traits outward through exchange without migration. |
| Dialect | Variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling. |
| Relocation Diffusion | The spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them. |
| Buddhism | Religion with a hearth in India/Nepal based off the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, or "Awakened One" |
| Imperialism | A variety of ways of influencing another country or group of people by direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance. |
| Sequent Occupancy | The cultural imprint on the landscape left by groups of people as they move in and out of a neighborhood/place. |
| Confucianism | A philosophy and way of life that shaped Chinese culture for centuries. Based off the teachings of Confucius. |
| Theocracy | A country whose governments are run by religious leaders through the use of religious laws. |
| Cultural Convergence | The process of when cultures are becoming similar to each other and sharing more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs. |
| Monotheism | The doctrine of or belief in the existence of only one God. |
| Centripetal Forces | Factors that unify a group of people or a region. |
| Stimulus Diffusion | When an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait. |
| Centrifugal Forces | Factors that divide a group of people or a region. |
| Hearth | The region from which innovative ideas originate. |
| Contagious Diffusion | Occurs when a cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people. |
| Hinduism | Religion with a hearth in India. View the Ganges River as sacred. |
| Judaism | An Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion with a hearth of Israel. Associated with the Jewish population. |
| Ethnic Enclave | Clusters of people of the same culture—that are often surrounded by people of the dominant culture in the region. |
| Creole Language | A new combined language made from 2 or more languages. |
| Animism | The belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life. |
| Culture | All of a group's learned behaviors, actions, beliefs and objects. |
| Fundamentalism | Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or congregation). |
| Taoism | Philosophy and religion from ancient China that teaches living in harmony with the Tao, the source and essence of everything |
| Taboo | Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture. |
| Pilgrimage | A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes. |
| Language Tree-Family | Suggests how several languages are related to each other, as well as how one language grows out of another. |
| Universalizing Religion | A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location. |
| Isogloss | The boundaries between variations in pronunciations or word usage. |
| Ethnocentrism | The belief that one's own cultural group is more important and superior to other cultures. |
| Christianity | An Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. |
| Shintoism | Religious hearth in Japan and incorporates the worship of ancestors and nature spirits and a belief in sacred power (kami) in both animate and inanimate things. |
| Cultural divergence | A culture’s isolation because of absorbing barriers of physical geography, such as mountains, oceans, or distance, can halt diffusion. The longer a group is isolated, the more slowly its culture will change or diverge from the original culture. |
| Sikhism | Religious hearth in India (Punjab region of India). Consider themselves to be disciples of the 10 human Gurus. |
| Hierarchical Diffusion | The spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and influence. |
| Reverse Hierarchical diffusion | When a trait diffuses from a group of lower status to a group of higher status. |
| Islam | Religion with a cultural hearth in Saudia Arabia. Monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. Mecca and Medina are holy cities. |
| Sharia | The legal framework of a country derived from Islamic edicts taken from their holy book, the Qur'an. In some places such as Afghanistan, this has been adopted as the law of the land. |
| Diffusion | Meaning "to spread." |
| Diaspora | The dispersion or spread of a people from their original homeland. This has historically happened to the Jewish population. |
| Ethnic Religion | A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated. |
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