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Heart and stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| your heart is a pump that creates enough forc | to make blood circulate |
| your blood belongs | in blood vessels |
| name the 3 types of blood vessels | CVA capillaries, veins, arteries |
| what does veIns do | carry blood IN the heart |
| what does Arteries do | carries blood away from the heart |
| Capilllaries | exchange substance at tissues |
| thick walls, small lumen and thick multi layered vascular walls | Arteries |
| relatively thin walls, large lumen, often have valves | is a veIN |
| Walls with a single cell thick, tiny vessel with narrow lumen | is a capillary |
| Arteries carry | oxygeneated blood Away |
| arterioles | tiny branches off of the arteries |
| cannot be seen with unaided eye, narrower than arteries but wider than capillariesm and feed blood into capillaries | are arterioles |
| veins carry | deoxygenated blood into the heart |
| valves | prevent backflow of blood in the heart |
| Exchange with vessels | Artery-Capillary-VeIN |
| vena cava | largest vein in the body carrying deoxygenated blood |
| right atrium | recieves deoxygenated blood from the body |
| right ventricle | pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs |
| pulmonary artery | artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs |
| tricuspid valve | valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
| semi lunar valve | a valve in the heart linking the ventricles to the aorta and pulmonary artery |
| bicuspid valve | valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
| aorta | largest artery in the body |
| what is blood function | transports substances and helps maintain stable internal environment |
| average human has 5 lieters | of blood |
| plasma | liquid part of blood |
| white cells | cells of the immune system that circulate in the blood leukocytes |
| platelets | clotting factors that are carried in the plasma |
| coagulation | blood cotting |
| red cells do not have | a nucleus in order to hold more oxygens |
| venules | vessels larger than capillaries but smaller than veins |
| these types of vessels lead from capillaries into veins | also known as venules |
| hemoglobin | a iron containg protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen |
| oxyhemoglobin | hemoglobin combined with oxygen |
| agglutinogens | antigens on the surface of the RBC that is the basis for blood |
| Erythrocytes (rbc"s) | pass through capillaries in single file |
| types of blood | A, B, AB(universal reciever) O(universal donor) |
| Capillary- beds | networks of vessels linking arterial and venous blood |
| RH | negative blood |
| Rh | positive or negative blood |
| at artierial end of capillary | blood pressure greater than osmotic pressure so fluids, oxygen, and nutrients are forced out |
| blood pressure | inside the Capillary- and osmotic pressure outside Capillary- cause oxygen. |
| osmotic | the process where a solvent (usually water) passes through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration to balance concentrations |
| venous end of capillary | osmotic pressure greater than blood pressure so fluids carbon dioxide and waste products are forced in |
| about 90% of fluids lost are returned to Capillary- at venous end | the other 10 % is picked up by the lymphatic system |
| Hematopoiesis | blood cell formation |
| hemostasis | the process of clotting the blood after a blood vessel wall has a breakage |
| hemostasis first phase | vascular spasms occur narrowing the blood reducing blood loss until clotting occurs |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of the blood vessels |
| rate of enthryote production is controlled by a hormone called | ehrythropoetien???? which targgets |
| second hemostasis phase | platelet plug forms, and are usually repelled by the endothelium in the blood vessel walls. which release chemicals that cause more palates and the form a big ahh pile |
| third phase of hemostasis | clotting factors present in plasma and to form thrombin and enzyme that causes to joining of fibrinogen, fibrin forms a mesh and platelets forming a blood clot |
| apex | pointed part directed towards left hip |
| base | broader and points towards right shoulder; great vessels emerge from it. |
| pulmonary | right side of the heart |
| systemic | left side of the heart |
| pumps blood from heart to lungs and back to left side of heart | is the pulmonary |
| pumps blood from heart to body tissues and back to right side of heart | is the systemic |
| pericardium | double sac of membrane enclosing the heart; secretes fluid to help heart beat easier |
| epicardium | surrounds external surface of heart |
| parietal pericardium | loosely applied at the hearts base |
| myocardium | cardiac muscle that contracts |
| endocardium | sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers |
| sinoatrial node | Tissue in the right atrium that starts each heartbeat |
| atrioventricular node | a small bundle of specialized cardiac muscle cells located at the base of the right atrium |
| atrioventricular bundle | tract of specialized cells that originates at the av node |
| purkinje fibers | fibers that extend from the av bundle |
| lub | closing of AV valves |
| dub | semilunar valves opwn |
| mid to late diastole | atria are contracting and filling the ventricles with blood(semilunar valves closed and AV valves open.) |
| Ventricular systole | pressure inside ventricles increases, closing AV valves then smilunar valves open and blood leaves the ventricles |
| diastole | heart relaxes |
| systole | heart contraction |
| ventricular systole | pressure inside ventricles increases, closing AV valves, |
| Early diastole | ventricles relax semilunar valves close, AV valves open |
| Murmurs | Abnormal or unusal heart sounds often due to valve problems |
| valve doesn't close tightly and blood flows back through causing | sound you hear |
| cardiac output | amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1 minute |
| cardiac out put is determined by | heart rate and stroke volume of blood pumped out by ventricle with each heartbeat |
| 60% of blood in heart pumped out | ye |
| during physical or emotional stress SA and AV nodes are | more strongly stimulated, resulting in more rapid heart beats |
| epinephrine and thryroxine | increase rate |
| calcium blood low levels | decrease rate |
| potassium low levels cause | abnormal heart rhythym |
| Arterial Pulse | expansion and recoil of an artery as left ventricle pumps |
| pressure points | pulse points compressed to stop blood flow |
Created by:
ac1819