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AP WORLD PERIOD III
1750-1900
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific Revolution | This is the belief that truth should come from proven fact gathered from observation and experimentation. This leads to the development of natural laws |
| Empirical | This is evidence that is proven through observation and not cultural beliefs, this is the foundation for the Scientific Revolution |
| The Enlightenment | This is the belief that, like natural laws for the universe, there should be natural rights for all people. It stops absolutism in Europe and is the driving force behind many revolutions |
| Natural Rights | This is an idea from John Locke that stated that all people are born with life, liberty, and property, this is stemmed from the natural laws |
| American Revolution | This is a revolution that used enlightenment ideals to declare the US as an independent country from Britain. Those in power remained the same before and after the Revolution |
| Coerced Labor | This is forced labor in the Americas, it started with Encomienda with the Spanish and changed to chattel slavery, this form of slavery continued after the American Revolution despite the emphasis on natural rights |
| French Revolution | Inspired by the American Revolution, this revolution demands equal rights for all French citizens, however this causes the Reign of Terror, making Napoleon the leader, not causing many effects for French citizens in the short term |
| Reign of Terror | Stage of the French Revolution where Maximilien Robespierre killed everyone suspected of being or supporting the rich, Napoleon stopped this causing him to rapidly gain power |
| Haitian Revolution | This revolution leads to the second free colony in the new world. After Toussaint L’Ouverture cajoled slaves to revolt, they abolished slavery and were able to become a new colony after Napoleon’s troops couldn’t reinstate slavery on the land |
| Mestizo | During the Mex War o Independence these people and natives were treated horribly by the Spn, but they were able to convince other natives that it was the Spn that was bad, getting the Spn out of Mex, but still having Mestizos rule over natives |
| Declaration of Independence | This is the document that started the American Revolution, it utilized Enlightenment ideals |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | This is the document that started the French Revolution, it stated that French citizens wanted natural rights and a limited monarchy |
| Jamaica Letter | This document was used to outline the failed Colombian Revolution, which used Enlightenment Ideals to explain why all of South America should be a separate country apart from Spain. |
| Abolition of Slavery | This began to be considered in countries which experienced revolutions based on Enlightenment ideals, this was considered alongside voting rights for women |
| John Locke | This is the man that came up with natural rights based on natural laws |
| Isaac Newton | This man studies physics and gravity and uses that knowledge of empirical evidence to prove that the universe has natural laws |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | This is the last leader of the French Revolution, stopping the Reign of Terror, but then declaring himself Emperor of France |
| Toussaint L’Ouverture | This is an enslaved Haitian man who led the Haitian Revolution, his work causes Haiti to be the second independent country in the new world, but he does die by will of the French |
| Simon Bolivar | This is a man who lived in South America who wanted all of South America to be independent from Spain as one singular country |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | This person is considered the first feminist as she claimed that all people including women deserved natural rights |
| Frederick Douglass | This is a formerly enslaved man who pointed out the hypocrisy of the US being built on Enlightenment Ideals “all men are created equal” while still practicing slavery |
| Industrial Revolution | This is the process of manufacturing being done by machines rather than by hand. Countries with the most capital are able to start manufacturing and become very powerful |
| Machines | This is technology used in the industrial revolution that made manufacturing much quicker. Although there have been some of these made before, this is when they're most commonly used |
| Textile Manufacturing | This is an example of manufacturing that has occurred before the Industrial Revolution, it takes fabrics and makes them into clothing and was used commonly in India and Egypt |
| Causes of the Industrial Revolution | Britain was able to start the I.R. as they had previously made capital from A.O trade and they were able to use the raw materials they gathered to start manuf. They also had urbanization before the I.R started, therefore they could start manuf faster |
| Capital | This is money, Britain had a lot of money from Atlantic Ocean trade, therefore they could start manufacturing making them more money |
| Steam Engines | This is an example of a new technology from the first Industrial Revolution, it caused travel to be revolutionized and it was eventually improved upon by using fossil fuels |
| Urbanization | This is the process of people moving to large cities, it started primarily because of the Industrial Revolution, but happened all over the world |
| Fossil Fuels | These are things like coal and oil which are utilized during the Second Industrial Revolution to make combustion engines |
| Factory System | This is a process used in factories where one person does one job repeatedly that way they perform well at it, it also produces more goods |
| First Industrial Revolution | This connects the world together through technologies like railroads, steamships, and telegraph machines. Britain was the first country to start this as they had the needed capital and raw materials |
| Railroads | This is a piece of technology invented in the first Industrial Revolution which made travel much quicker land |
| Steamships | This is a piece of technology invented in the first Industrial Revolution which made travel much quicker over oceans and rivers |
| Telegraph Machine | This is a piece of technology made in the first Industrial Revolution which allowed for communications over long distances |
| Second Industrial Revolution | This occurs after the first Industrial Revolution, it invents products such as the combustion engine, chemicals, and steel. It also improves the time it takes to get these goods, and starts a global economy |
| Steel | This is a piece of technology made the Second Industrial Revolution which is used to make cities and skyscrapers |
| Increased Globalized Community | Due to the first and second I.R. revolutionizing how quick it takes to get your goods, there is more trade than ever before as technologies are being sent all over the world, creating a global economy in which most govs use free trade and capitalism |
| HSBC | This is a Transnational Bank made by Britain in Hong Kong and Shanghai, China which was used to continue the opium trade in that country. This makes China very weak economically |
| Capitalism | This is the new economic policy that is standard rather than mercantilism. It allows for products to be produced at an increased rate |
| Affordable Consumer Goods | Since Capitalism is the new economic policy, most people are able to afford the products they want to buy as they are being produced at and faster and are more cheap |
| Socialism | This is an economic theory opposing Capitalism which states the rich should be taxed more than the poor the way everyone is able to have the same opportunities |
| Communism | This is economic theory inspired by Socialism, however instead of hoping to simply have the rich give to the poor, it demands that the people who are poor take what they need from the rich via violence |
| Labor Unions | These are unions made by workers that assure for manageable working hours and fair pay. This is a way of having some aspects of Socialism in an otherwise Capitalist workforce without having a full Communist Revolution |
| Tanizmat Reforms | These are forms done in the Ottoman Empire to make the Empire less secular and more industrialized. However, since they're already behind the rest of the world it fails and they're still behind |
| Meiji Restoration | This is the process of Japan becoming successfully industrialized after previously not being industrialized. They're able to implement things like public education, steamships, railroads, and a constitution, making Japan a powerful country |
| Middle Class | This is a new class due to the Industrial Revolution, is for people who are above the working class, but not rich. It becomes the standard |
| Medical Advancements | These include things such as microscopes, scalpels, and smallpox vaccines. This leads to increased health as well as lower child mortality rates |
| Smallpox Vaccination | This is the main cause to lower child mortality rates as this disease killed a significant amount of children before this was made |
| Opium Wars | These are wars started in China where the Qing Dynasty was forced to accept opium from Britain and agree to unfair treaties as they cannot defeat industrialized British forces |
| Taiping Rebellion | This is started by a man named Xiuquan who claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus Christ, using a syncretic form of Christianity to destroy foreign influence in China. This results in the death of ~20 million and this is stopped by foreign influence |
| Self-Strengthening Movement | This is the process of China trying to industrialize, however, they are so far behind that the efforts do not contribute to much |
| Social Darwinism/Civilizing Mission | This is a way for people to justify imperialism by claiming that they are helping those they are taking advantage of |
| Berlin Conference | This is a meeting done by European countries to divide land in Africa for raw materials |
| Belgian Congo | This is an example of imperialization in Africa where children are mutilated to reach high rubber quotas |
| Settler Colonies | These are countries like South Africa, Algeria, Zimbabwe, and Australia where people live permanently, natives are often pushed away to the outskirts of the land |
| Export Economies | These are countries that increase the wealth for imperialist countries by getting raw materials and shipping them at low costs (cotton in Egypt, rubber in Congo, meat in Argentina, and palm oil in West Africa) |
| Global Economy (inequities) | This forces countries being imperialized to rely on their imperialists for buying manufactured goods as they have to give away all of their own raw materials, meaning they can’t manufacture their own |
| Sepoy Rebellion | This is what causes India to officially be considered a colony by Britain as Indian figureheads kill Brits in India for not respecting religious customs. This unites Muslim and Hindu Indians against the British |
| Ghost Dance | This is a form of non-violent resistance done by native Americans, namely the Lakota, to expel foreign influence. However, they are killed for this |
| Causes of Increased Migration | This includes things such as agriculture innovations, improved medical care, and new forms of transportation. This causes a lot of people to go to imperialist, industrialized countries |
| Ethnic Enclaves | These are where people of a certain ethnicity would make homes in a new country that way they can have a community that are familiar with |
| The Chinese Exclusion Act | This is an act that bans all Chinese people from entering America as many had emigrated to the US during the Gold Rush, this results in anti-Chinese propaganda |
Created by:
SadurnSchool