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Bone Development

Chapter 6 - A & P Lecture

QuestionAnswer
where does intramembranous ossification take place? in embryonic connective tissue membrane
where does endochondral ossification take place? in cartilage
what do intramembranous and endochondral ossificatioin have in common? produce woven bone that is then remodeled
after bone remodeling, can the type of ossification be distinguished? no, the bone formation cannot be distinguished as intramembranous or endochondral
what does intramembranouos ossification form? many skull bones, part of mandible, diaphyses of clavicles
when does intramembranous ossification begin? about 5th week of embryonic development when embryonic mesenchyme condenses around the developing brain to form a membrane of CT with delicate collagen fibers
what is centers of ossification? locations in membrane where ossification begins
what are fontanels? large membrane covered spaces between developing skull bones; unossified
how are osteoblasts formed? embryonic messenchymal cells ---> osteochondral progenitor cells---->form osteoblast(form bone matrix) ----->embedded in bone matrix--->osteocytes---->trabeculae of woven bone
describe spongy bone formation? 1)osteoblast gather on surface of trabeculae 2) produce more bone 3) trabeculae become larger 4)trabeculae joins together, spongy bone forms
how is compact bone formed? 1) cells inside spongy bone space form red bone marrow 2) surrounging cells become periosteum 3) osteoblasts from periosteum make bone matrix 4) forms outer layer of compact bone 5) remodeling changes woven bone to lamellar bone (final bone)
what is the process of intramembranous ossification in simple terms? osteoblasts form and produce matrix creating woven bone, woven bone becomes spongy bone and outer layers become compact bone
what bones are formed by endochondral ossification? it forms the bones of the base of skull, part of the mandibble, the epiphyses of the clavicles, and most of the remaingin bones of the skeletal system
when does cartilage formation begin in endochondral ossification? cartilage formation begins at the end of the 4th week of development
when does endochondral ossification begin? some ossification begins around week 8 of development, while some does not begin until 18-20 years of age
what happens during cartilage model formation? 1) mesenchyme cells become osteochondral progenitor cells 2) turn into chondroblasts, which create hyaline cartilage model 3) chondroblasts becom chondrocytes and the model is surrounded by perichondrium
describe bone collar formation? 1) blood vessels reach perichondrium, progenitor cells become osteoblasts 2) osteoblast make compact bone, forming bone collar 3) chondrocytes enlarge and calcify cartilage 4) chondrocytes die leave hollow spaces
how is the primary ossification center formed? 1) blood vessels bring osteoblasts and osteoclasts 2) osteoblasts make spongy bone 3) osteoclasts form medullary cavity 4) bone remodels into lamellar bone 5) red bone marrow forms in the cavity
how are secondary ossification centers formed? 1) osteoblasts form secondary ossification centers in epiphyses 2) bone replaces cartilage in epiphyses 3) no medullary cavity forms in epiphysis 4) cartilage remains in epiphyseal plate & articular cartilage
describe adult bone formation? 1) spongy & compact bone are fully developed 2) epiphyseal plate becomes epiphyseal line 3) only articular cartilage at ends of bone 4) perichondrium becomes periosteum
what is the process of endochondral ossification in simple terms? 1) cartilage model forms 2) bone collar forms 3) primary ossification center forms 4) secondary ossification center forms 5) adult bone forms
 

 



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