Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
biology exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| biology | study of life and living organisms |
| Cell Theory | All living things are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; all cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Characteristics of Life | Organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, evolution |
| Homeostasis | Maintenance of stable internal conditions |
| Prokaryotic Cell | Cell without nucleus or membrane-bound organelles |
| Eukaryotic Cell | Cell with nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| Mitosis | Division producing two identical somatic cells |
| Meiosis | Division producing four genetically different gametes |
| Binary Fission | prokaryotic cell divison |
| Producer | organism that makes its own food |
| consumer | organism that eats other organisms |
| decomposer | organism that breaks down dead matter |
| evolution | change in allele frequencies over time |
| adaptation | trait that increases survival or reproduction |
| taxonomy | science of classifying organisms |
| domains | bacteria, archaea, eukarya |
| kingdoms of eukarya | protista, fungi, plantae, animalia |
| binomial nomenclature | two-part scientific naming system |
| strain | genetic variant within a species |
| natural selection | individuals with beneficial traits survive and reproduce more |
| Darwins 4 postulates | variation exists, traits are heritable, overproduction, differential survival |
| Lamarck's theory | inheritance of acquired characteristics |
| homologous structures | structures with common ancestry but different functions |
| vestigial structures | reduced structures with little or no function |
| hardy-weinberg principle | predicts allele frequencies if no evolution occurs |
| hardy weinberg conditions | large population. no mutation, no migration, random mating, no selection |
| macroevolution | large-scale changes within a population |
| microevolution | small-scale evolutionary changes |
| pathogen | disease-causing organisms |
| virulence factors | traits that enhance ability to cause disease |
| kocks postulates | criteria linking microbe to disease |
| virus | acellular infectious particle made of DNA or RNA in protein coat |
| lytic cycle | virus replicates and lyses host cell |
| lysogenic cycle | viral DNA integrates into host genome |
| latent virus | virus that remains dormant in host |
| oncovirus | virus that can cause cancer |
| gram-positive bacteria | thick peptidoglycan wall, stains purple |
| gram-negative bacteria | thin wall plus outer membrane, stains pink |
| selective toxicity | antibiotics harm bacteria but not host |
| antibiotic resistance | bacteria evolve to survive antibiotics |
| normal flora | beneficial microbes living on/in the body |
| opportunistic pathogen | normally harmless microbe that causes disease when immunity is low |
| penicillin | first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming |
| fungi | Eukaryotic organisms with chitin cell wall |
| mycosis | fungal infection |
| plantae | multicellular, photosynthetic organisms with cellulose walls |
| bryophytes | nonvascular plants, mosses |
| xylem | transports water and minerals |
| phloem | transports sugars |
| gymnosperms | plants with seeds |
| angiosperms | flowering plants with seeds in fruit |
| monocots | one cotyledon, parallel veins |
| eudicots | two cotyledons, branched veins |
| primary growth | increase in length |
| secondary growth | increase in thickness |
Created by:
user-2026928