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Bone Anatomy
Chapter 6 - A & P Lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the diaphysis of a long bone? | shaft; primarily compact bone surrounding the medullary cavity |
| what is the medullary cavity and what does it contain in children? | red marrow for blood cell formation |
| how does the medullary cavity change in adults? | red marrow is replaced by yellow in limb bones, except in the proximal epiphyses of the arm and thigh bones. other bones contain varying proportions of red and yellow marrow |
| what is the epiphysis of along bone? | end of the bone; primarily spongy bone covered with compact bone |
| what covers the epiphysis where it forms a joint? | covered with hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage |
| what is the epiphyseal plate? | growth plate made of hyaline cartilage and present until growth stops |
| what is the epiphyseal line? | ossified as bones stops growing in length |
| what is the periosteum? | connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of a bone |
| what composes the outer portion of the periosteum? | dense irregular colalgenous CT containing blood vessels and nerves |
| what is found in the inner layer of the periosteum? | single layer of bone cells including osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteochondral progenitor cells |
| how do tendons and ligaments attach to the periosteum? | fibers of periosteum |
| what are perforating (sharpey's) fibers and their function? | some periosteal fibers penetrate through the periosteum and into the bone. strengthen attachment of tendon to bone |
| what is the endosteum? | single layer of CT that lines all internal spaces including cavities in spongy bone and medullary cavity |
| what types of cells are found in the endosteum? | osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteochondral progenitor cells |
| do flat bones have diaphyses and epiphyses? | flat bones have neither |
| what is the general structure of flat bones? | sandwich of spongy between compact bone |
| how are short and irregular bones structured? | compact bone that surrounds spongy bone center; similar to structure of epiphyses of long bones |
| do short and irregular bones have diaphyses? | no diaphyses and not elongated |
| what unique feature do some flat and irregular bones of the skull have? | sinuses (air filled spaces lined by mucous membranes |
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