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Bone Histology

Chapter 6 - A & P Lecture

QuestionAnswer
what is the bone matrix composed of? organic (35%): collagen/proteoglycans inorganic (65%): hydroxyapatite
what happens if mineral is removed from the bone? bone becomes bendable
what happens if collagen is removed from the bone? bone becomes brittle
lists the bone cells? osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
what are osteoblasts? formation of bone through ossification or osteogenesis
what happens during ossification? osteoblasts communicate through gap junctions. cells surround themselves by matrix
what are osteocytes? mature bone cells, stellate (star shaped), surrounded by matrix, make small amounts of matrix to maintain it
how does osteocytes live and get nutrients inside hard bone? lacunae & canaliculi
what is lacunae? spaces occupied by osteocyte cell body
what is canaliculi? canals occupied by osteocyte cell processes
describe the movement of nutrients? 1) nutrients diffuse through liquid surrounding cell 2) lacunae and canaliculi fill 3) transfer nutrients through gap junciton to next cell
what is the function of osteoclasts? resorption of bone (break down bone)
describe the ruffled border of an osteoclast? where cell membrane borders bone and resorption is taking place
how do osteoclasts break down bone? 1) H+ ions pumped across membrane, 2) acid forms 3) eats away bone
from what cells are osteoclasts derived? monocytes (which are formed from stem cells in red bone marrow)
why are osteoclast multinucleated? probably arise from fusion of a number cells
what is woven bone? collagen fibers randomly orientd
when does woven bone form? formed by osteoblasts during ossification during fetal dev, growth, and fracture repair
how is woven bone remodeled? osteoclasts remove old bone and osteoblasts add new eventually remodeling woven bone into lamellar bone
what is lamellar bone? mature bone in sheets called lamellae with fibers oriented in alternating directions each layer providing more strength
why is lamellar bone stronger than woven bone? the alternating directions of the layers
what are trabeculae in spongy bone? interconnecting rods or plates of bone, like scaffolding
what fills spaces between trabeculae? marrow
what membrane covers trabeculae? endosteum
how are trabeculae orientated in spongy bone? along stress lines
what is compact bone and where is it located? solid, outer layer surrounding each bone; has more matrix and is denser than spongy bone
how are blood vessels arranged in compact bone? blood vessels enter the bone and the lamellae are oriented around the blood vessels
what is the functional unit of compact bone? osteon/haversian system
how is an osteon structured? composed of concentric rings of matrix around a central canal, giving the appearance of a bulls eye
where are osteocytes located and how do they connect? sadwiched between the rings of the matrix and connected by canalicli
what is the orientation of central (haversian) canals? parallel to long axis
what types of lamellae exist in compact bone? concentric, circumferential, interstitial
what is perforating (volkmann's) canal and how is it oriented? a canal in bone that is perpendicular to long axis of bone
what do perforating and central (haversian) canals contain? both perforating and central canals contain blood vessels that run from the periosteum or medullary cavity to teh osteocytes in their lacunae
how do nutrients reach osteocytes form blood vessels? direct flow of nutrients form vessels through cell processes of osteocytes within the canaliculi and from one cell to the next
through what structures do nutrients and wastes travel to and from osteocytes? interstitial fluid of lacunae & canaliculi
how do osteocytes communicate and transfer nutrients between cells? from osteocyte to osteocyte by gap junctions
 

 



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