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Chemistry Test !
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Steps of the Scientific Method | Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Theory |
| States of Matter | Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma |
| Heterogeneous | A mixture with different parts |
| Homogeneous | A mixture that looks all the same |
| Physical Change | Stays the same but changes physical characteristics like shape |
| Chemical Change | Changes and forms a new substance like flour into a cake |
| Co | Cobalt |
| B | Boron |
| Al | Aluminum |
| Ni | Nickel |
| Hg | Mercury |
| N | Nitrogen |
| I | Iodine |
| Cl | Chlorine |
| Cu | Copper |
| Rn | Radon |
| Zn | Zinc |
| Ar | Argon |
| Sn | Tin |
| Rh | Rhodium |
| Mn | Manganese |
| Au | Gold |
| Be | Beryllium |
| C | Carbon |
| F | Fluorine |
| W | Tungsten |
| Na | Sodium |
| Cr | Chromium |
| Ru | Ruthenium |
| O | Oxygen |
| He | Helium |
| Po | Polonium |
| Ca | Calcium |
| Ir | Iridium |
| P | Phosphorus |
| Fe | Iron |
| Bi | Bismuth |
| Mg | Magnesium |
| Cs | Cesium |
| Ag | Silver |
| H | Hydrogen |
| Os | Osmium |
| Bi | Bismuth |
| Pb | Lead |
| S | Sulfur |
| Pt | Platinum |
| Xe | Xenon |
| ti | Titanium |
| Se | Selenium |
| K | Potassium |
| Li | Lithium |
| Br | Bromine |
| Si | Silicon |
| Ba | Barium |
| Sb | Antimony |
| Cd | Cadmium |
| Pd | Palladium |
| Ga | Gallium |
| V | Vanadium |
| Sr | Strontium |
| Kr | Krypton |
| Mo | Molybdeum |
| Ra | Radium |
| U | Uranium |
| As | Arsenic |
| Pu | Plutonium |
| Solid to gas | Sublimination |
| Gas to liquid | Condensation |
| Gas to solid | Deposition |
| 1 g | 10 dg |
| 1 kg | 1000 g |
| 1000 mL | 1L |
| 1 m | 100 cm |
| 1000 cal | 1 kcal |
| 1 m | 1000 mm |
| Density | D = m/V |
| One liquid nonmetal | Bromine |
| All metals are solid besides | Mercury |
| Nano (Symbol, Factor) | n, 10^-9 |
| Micro (Symbol, Factor) | m, 10^-6 |
| Milli (Symbol, Factor) | m, 10^-3 |
| Centi (Symbol, Factor) | c, 10^-2 |
| Deci (Symbol, Factor) | d, 10^-1 |
| Area | Length x Width |
| Volume | Length x Width x Height |
| Density of water | 1.0 g/cm^3 |
| Scientific Notation >1 | positive |
| Scientific Notation <1 | negative |
| % precision = avg dev/ avg x 100 | Percent Precision |
| Percent error | % error = (true value - observed value)/ true value x 100 |
| Mass | mass=density x volume |
| Volume | V= mass/density |
| Law of conservation of mass | matter is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reacton |
| Law of definite proportions | All samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass |
| Law of multiple proportions | When two elements react to form more tan one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers |
| John Dalton | Proposed atomic theory; indivisible, indestructible, identical atoms |
| JJ Thompson | Discovered the electron; plum pudding model; spheres with positive charge and electrons |
| Rutherford | Discovered nucleus; proposed nuclear model of the atom with dense, positively charged nucleus |
| Chadwick | Discovered the neutron |
| Proton | Nucleus; +1 |
| Neutron | Nucleus, 0 |
| Electron | Orbiting Nucleus, -1 |
| 23/11 Na | 11 is the number of protons (atomic number), 23 is the number of protons and neutrons (mass number), Na is Sodium |
| Why is Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 isotopes | They are the same element with the same number of protons and different neutrons |
| How do atoms become ions | They gain or lose electrons |
| Mass number vs atomic mass | Mass number is the total count of protons and neutrons in an atom; atomic mass is the average mass of all isotopes of an element |
| Atomic Mass Average | (exact weight x percent abundance) + ( the next one) + (the next) |
| All elements masses are made relative to what isotope | Carbon-12 |
| Relative mass | Mass of one atom/ mass of the other |
| New mass | relative mass x arbitrary mass |
| More (metals/nonmetals) on the periodic table | metals |
| The nonmetals are located on the (right/left) side | right |
| All elements of a (group/period) have similar chemical properties | group |
| Period is (rows/columns) | rows |
| Groups are (rows/columns) | columns |
| Ionic bonds | formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositiely charged ions, typically formed when a metal atom transfers electrons to a nonmetal atom |
| Covalent bonds | formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, usually between two nonmetal atoms |
| Cation | A positive ion having less electrons compared to the main atom |
| Anion | A negative ion having more electrons compared to the main atom |
| Charge of Zn | +2 |
| Charge of Cd | +2 |
| Charge of Ag | + |
| Monoatomic cations with on charge | lithium, beryillium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, rubidium, strontium, cesium, barium, aluminum, zinc, silver |
| Monatomic cations with variable charges | Chromium, nickel, lead, gold, iron, tin, copper, platinum, mercury |
| Monatomic anions | carbide, nitride, oxide, fluoride, phosphide, sulfide, chloride, selenide, bromide, iodide |
| Ammonium | NH4+ |
| Permanganate | MnO4- |
| Hydroxide | OH- |
| Acetate | CH3COO- |
| Cyanide | CN- |
| Carbonate | CO32- |
| Bicarbonate | HCO3- |
| Percholate | CLO4- |
| Chlorate | ClO3- |
| Chlorite | ClO2- |
| Hypochlorite | ClO- |
| Nitrate | NO3- |
| Nitrite | NO2- |
| Sulfate | SO42- |
| Hydrogen Sulfate | HSO42- |
| Sulfite | SO32- |
| Hydrogen Sulfite | HSO3- |
| Phosphate | PO43- |
| Hydrogen Phosphate | HPO42- |
| Dihydrogen Phosphate | H2PO4- |
| Chromate | CrO42- |
| Dichromate | Cr2O72- |
| Mono | 1 |
| Di | 2 |
| Tri | 3 |
| Tetra | 4 |
| Penta | 5 |
| Hexa | 6 |
| Hepta | 7 |
| Octa | 8 |
| Nona | 9 |
| Deca | 10 |
| Binary Covalent Compounds | Prefixes like di- |
| Avogadros number | 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/molecules/moles/ ions ... |
| Molar mass | 1 mole of an element = the atomic mass of the element in grams |
Created by:
schneiderava64