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A&P Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of tissue lines most ducts? | Simple cuboidal epithelium |
| Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis? | Nutrition source for the epidermis |
| Tissues are composed of _______________. | Cells and extracellular matrix |
| __________________ exhibits a lot of apparently "empty" space, and is a component of many serous membranes. | Areolar tissue |
| Which of the following is not found in the epidermis? | Fibroblasts |
| Which of the following is composed of loose connective tissue? | Hypodermis |
| Which of the following are cells of the epidermis that help to activate the immune system? | Dendritic Cells |
| Which of the following are the three main components of connective tissue? | Ground substance, fibers, and cells. |
| Thick skin exhibits which of the following that cannot be found in thin skin? | A stratum lucidum. |
| Blood vessels in the __________ provide the epidermis with its sole source of nutrition. | Dermis |
| Which if the 4 primary tissue types does bone belong to ? | Connective |
| Which of the following is NOT primarily composed of connective tissue? | Epidermis |
| ________ is the first hair; it allows the vernix caseosa to adhere to protect the skin, prevent water loss, and regulate body temperature. | Lanugo |
| Which cells secrete matrix and produce fibers in connective tissue? | Fibroblasts |
| According to the Rule of Nines, what percentage is assigned to the entire right arm of an adult? | 9% |
| Red hair has a higher concentration of? | Pheomelanin |
| What is the process called when damaged tissue is replaced by the same kind of cells, restoring normal function? | Regeneration |
| Which of the following correctly distinguishes between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands? | Eccrine glands are responsible for thermoregulation, while apocrine glands are associated with body odor. |
| Which of the following best describes totipotent stem cells? | They can develop into any cell type in the body and have the potential to form an entire organism. |
| Which gland type is primarily responsible for thermoregulation by producing a watery sweat to cool the body? | Eccrine sweat glands |
| What type of tissue makes up the arrector pili muscle? | Smooth muscle |
| Which of the following statements about terminal hairs is true? | They are typically thicker, longer, and darker than vellus hair. |
| What is the primary function of transitional epithelium? | Stretching to accommodate fluid volume changes |
| The sensory fibers of the the hair receptors are also part of the | Nervous system |
| Fibrocartilage is best suited for | Withstand compression and tensile forces |
| Which of the following is NOT a factor which determines the pigmentation of a given person’s skin color? | The thickness of the stratum corneum layer |
| Which of the following statements about adult stem cells is true? | They have a more limited differentiation potential compared to embryonic stem cells |
| Which type of tissue has the greatest capacity for regeneration? | Epithelial tissue |
| What type of secretory mechanism do sebaceous glands use ? | Holocrine |
| The _______ contains actively dividing keratinocytes that produce the hair. | Hair matrix |
| The nail matrix is responsible for manufacturing which protein? | Keratin |
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? | Has a rich blood supply |
| What are the primary cells that line the kidney tubule called? | Cuboidal epithelial cells |
| Which type of cell junction prevents paracellular passage of material? | Tight junctions |
| A patient has a burn that is blistered, intensely painful, and involves the epidermis and upper dermis. This is classified as a | Second degree |
| The lining of lumens, absorption, secretion, and protection are all functions of which tissue type? | Epithelial |
| Which skin cancer arises from the pigment-producing cells of the epidermis? | Melanoma |
| What is fibrosis? | Replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue |
| Which glands become active at puberty and are located primarily in the axillary and anogenital regions? | Apocrine glands |
| The extracellular matrix of cartilage is primarily composed of | Collagen and ground substance |
| Which type of skin cancer arises from the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum and may appear as scaly red bumps? | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| This tissue is found in the external ears, epiglottis, and auditory tubes: | Elastic cartilage |
| Which factor can decrease the skin's ability to produce Vitamin D? | Increased melanin (darker skin) |
| Which epithelial cells look like multiple layers but are actually a single layer of cells? | Pseudostratified columnar |
| This structure binds epithelial cells to the basement membrane | Hemidesmosomes |
| What is the primary function of sebum? | Lubricate and waterproof skin and hair |
| What is not a function of the epidermis? | Thermoregulation by producing adipose tissue |
| These specialized cells support the nervous system by nourishing, protecting and insulating the neurons: | Neuroglia |
| What is the difference between Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm? | Ectoderm - Outer Embryonic tissue Endoderm - Inner Embryonic tissue Mesoderm - Middle layer Embryonic tissue |
| What are Chondroblasts? | cartilage cells that produce the matrix that will trap them |
| What are Chondrocytes? | cartilage cells that are trapped in lacunae (cavities) |
| What are stem cells? | Undifferentiated cells that give rise to keratinocytes |
| What is the most common type of skin cancer? | Basal cell carcinoma |
| What is an autograft? | Tissue from another location on the same person's body |
| What is an Isograft? | Tissue from an Identical twin |
| What is a Homograft? | Tissue from an unrelated person |
| What is a Heterograft? | Tissue from another species |
| Which of the following skin cell types is unique to the epidermis? | melanocytes |
| What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels? | Endothelium |
| Which of the following is not a cell type found in areolar connective tissue? | Chondrocytes |
| Which type of connective tissue is found within the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart? | Elastic tissue |
| The basement membrane is found between __________ and __________. | epithelium; connective tissue |
| Which of the integument layers below is the most superficial? | Epidermis |
| Which cutaneous glands are concerned with cooling the body? | Merocrine sweat glands |
| The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue. | epithelial |
| A many-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as which of the following epithelial tissue types? | Stratified squamous |
| Which of the following is the type of membrane that lines the ventral body cavities ? | Serous membranes |
| Which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs? | Simple squamous |
| Which of the following is a modification of the simple columnar epithelium that allows for efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract? | Dense microvilli |
| What is the primary threat of life following a massive third-degree burn? | Fluid loss |
| Apocrine sweat glands utilize which form of secretion? | Merocrine |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of the dermis? | Creation of a water barrier |
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