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Unit 8 Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| look at gel electophoresis page | did u do it if not u will fail ;) |
| selective breeding | when you breed things for certain traits |
| hybridization | the taking of two genetically dissimilar organisms and creating a hybrid with good traits from each organism, often heartier |
| can hybrids breed? | NO |
| inbreeding | when you breed two closely related organisms together and they have a high prevalence of good and bad traits being passed down |
| 4 steps of DNA manipulation | 1.extract 2.make copies 3.cut 4.identify |
| extract | you open the cells and take the DNA out |
| make copies | you take PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with the help of enzymes from hot springs and you make copies of the DNA so it is easier to study |
| cut | you use Restriction Enzymes to cut out parts of the DNA that you want to study and it creates sticky ends that are complementary single strands of DNA |
| identify | at this point, you can identify the sequences in the DNA you are studying |
| what charge does DNA have? | negative |
| cell transformation | it is when you take foreign DNA and put it into a cell's plasmid |
| what is a plasmid | plasmids are circular parts of a cell, often found in bacteria, that carry genetic markers that help us identify it |
| transgenic orgaisms | contains genes from other species |
| transgenic animals | help with the food supply and medical experiments, examples include mice, chickens, glow fish and glow cats |
| transgenic plants | they help the food supply, can grow faster and healthier, ex; corn and soybeans |
| transgenic microrganisms | transgenic bacteria can make important medical substances such as human insulin, growth factor and clotting factor |
| cloning | when you make a genetic copy of another organism |
| steps of cloning | 1. you take the nucleus of a cell from the donor mother 2. nucleus of donor goes into cell of foster mother 3. the embryo is created in a lab 4. the embryo is taken into the foster mother to grow 5. the foster mother births the clone |
| genomics | study of an organisms genome |
| what percent of DNA codes for proteins | less than 2% |
| SNPs | Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (creates different traits and genetic diversity) |
| ORFs | Open Reading Frames; have at least 100 codons with a start and stop, and they help us identify genes |
| protenomics | the study of the structure and function of proteins |
| bioinformatics | creating and maintaining databases of genetic info |
| haplotypes | regions of linked variations in the human genome |
| pharmacogenomics | the study of how genetic inheritance affects medicine tolerance, can help doctors come up with dosing that will help patients the most with their unique genes |
| gene therapy | where you take the gene that is causing a disease and try to get rid of it to get rid of the disease |
| bioethics | the study of ethical, legal, and social issues in bio-medicine and research |
| CRISPR | takes gRNA and can change DNA inside of people using Cas9 enzymes |
| HapMap | involves identifying SNPs and their affects |
| what is a popular restriction enzyme | ECOR1 |
| recombinant DNA | the DNA that is inserted into a different organism |
| DNA fingerprinting | where you study the repeats in DNA of people because everyone has different repeats |
Created by:
I'mtheAlpha