Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Personality Ch. 6, 8
Personality Exam 2: Ch. 6, 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what do people like *that* do?; focuses on one particular trait and its consequences for behavior; used to study conscientiousness, self-monitoring, and narcissism | single trait approach |
| who does *that*?; looks at relationships between a particular behavior and as many different traits as possible (i.e., California Q-Set) | many trait approach |
| which traits are the *most* important?; reducing the many to few | essential-trait approach |
| the single-trait approach of conscientiousness addresses characteristics such as (list 4) | integrity at work, job performance, purchase and maintenance of proper insurance, longer life expectancy |
| look to environment for clues to how they should act and feel; adaptable, flexible, popular, two-faced, lacking integrity | high self-monitor |
| look within; consistent, independent, honest, stubborn, distrustful | low self-monitor |
| excessive self-love; charming, good first impression, tend to be good-looking, manipulative, entitled, arrogant | narcissism |
| people who score high on narcissism may | become aggressive when threatened, not handle failure well, argue, exhibit road rage |
| 100 personality phrases sorted into forced choice, symmetrical, and normal distribution, allow one hour to complete, limited use with those who understand the instructions | California Q-Set |
| the important aspects of human life will be labeled, and that if something is truly important and universal, many words for it will exist in all languages | the lexical hypothesis |
| – tense, anxious, nervous, moody, worrying, touchy | neuroticism |
| wide interests, imaginative, intelligent, insightful, curious, sophisticated | openness to experience |
| talkative, assertive, outgoing, dominant, enthusiastic, sociable, spunky, adventurous | extraversion |
| sympathetic, kind, appreciative, affectionate, soft-hearted, warm | agreeableness |
| organized, thorough, efficient, responsible | conscientiousness |
| which two traits of the Big Five increase with age as individuals take on more responsibilities? | agreeableness and conscientiousness |
| ____ decreases with age, while ___ and ___ show more complex patterns of change | neuroticism, openness, extraversion |
| questions regarding ___: what can the structure of the brain tell us about personality? | anatomy |
| Questions regarding ____: to what degree is personality a matter of chemistry? | physiology |
| a network of neurons in the brainstem that regulates wakefulness, arousal, and attention; filters sensory information | ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) |
| introverts have a wide-open ARAS, leading to over-arousal, while extroverts have a closed-off ARAS, leading to under-arousal | Eysenck's Theory |
| almond shaped structure located deep in the brain's temporal lobe that processes emotions; abnormal functioning linked to anxiety, depression, autism, PTSD, phobias | amygdala |
| regulates arousal and serves other functions | thalamus |
| secretes hormones (biological chemicals that affect the entire body) | hypothalamus |
| processes memories | hippocampus |
| control of body movement humans’ response to reward/reinforcement learning part of the basis of sociability contributes to general activity level trait of novelty-seeking; impulse control Regulating emotions Motivation, pleasure, attention | dopamine |
| dopamine spikes when | Reward anticipation (expecting something good) Goal achievement Novelty (new stuff) Risk-taking |
| lack of dopamine (dopaminergic dysfunction) has been linked to | Has been linked to Parkinson’s-like symptoms (tremors, slow movement |
| personality effects from little dopamine | Low extraversion Reduced drive/motivation Diminished reward response (things do not feel as good) |
| behaviors from excess dopamine | Impulsivity Risk-taking Novelty seeking “Chasing the high” behavior pattern |
| Emotional regulation Mood stability Anxiety control Appetite Sleep Inhibition of impulses Some inhibition of emotional impulses can help people: avoid excessive worrying and decrease their sensitivity to the environment | serotonin |
| lack of serotonin or serotonin depletion syndrome linked to | irrational anger, hypersensitivity to rejection, chronic pessimism, obsessive worry, and fear of risk taking/excessive risk aversion |
| high serotonin (serotonin syndrome) is __ but people exhibit ___ | rare, usually from medication misuse agitation, confusion, increased heart rate, tremors |
| prevent serotonin reabsorption and increases available serotonin in brain synapses; more serotonin hanging around = better mood regulation; less clear | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) |
| outer layer of the brain that has six different layers | cortex |
| outermost layer of the brain that is more complex and wrinkled than the cortex in other animals | neocortex |
| divided into two lobes on the left and right sides; ability to plan ahead and anticipate consequences, emotional experience (empathy and moral reasoning) | frontal cortex |
| nerve cells | neurons |
| brain stimulation that uses rapidly changing magnetic fields to temporarily "knock out" (turn off) areas of brain activity in order to learn more about their functions | transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) |
| a related technique that shows that the right frontal lobe is important for making morally relevant decisoins | transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) |
| electrodes are placed on the scalp to pick up electrical signals generated by the brain activity underneath (when) | electroencephalography (EEG) |
| uses delicate sensors to detect magnetic indications of brain activity (when) | magnetoencephalography (MEG) |
| brain imaging devices limitations | a researcher must do more than simply measure what the brain does |
| computers allow many different images from multiple angles to be combined into representations of very thing slices (tomographs) of the brain, allowing minute structures to be examined (where) | computed tomography (CT) scans |
| creates a map of brain activity by following the location of a harmless radioactive tracer injected into the bloodstream (where) | positron emission tomography (PET) |
| monitors magnetic pulses generated by oxygen in the blood to map where the brain is most active at a given moment | functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) |
Created by:
alumesi