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week 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q: What is the main function of the endocrine system? | A: Maintain homeostasis through hormone regulation. |
| Q: How do endocrine glands release hormones? | A: Directly into the bloodstream (ductless). |
| Q: Define a hormone. | A: A chemical messenger carried in blood to target cells. |
| Q: Examples of steroid hormones? | A: Cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, testosterone. |
| Q: Steroid hormones characteristics? | A: Lipid-soluble, derived from cholesterol, act on nucleus, slow but long-lasting. |
| Q: Non-steroid hormones characteristics? | A: Water-soluble, bind to membrane receptors, fast but short duration. |
| Q: Most common feedback mechanism in endocrine system? | A: Negative feedback. |
| Q: Low T3/T4 results in what change in TSH? | A: TSH increases. |
| Q: General signs of endocrine disorders? | A: Weight changes, fatigue, heat/cold intolerance. |
| Q: Main function of thyroid gland? | A: Regulates metabolic rate. |
| Q: Thyroid hormones? | A: T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine). |
| Q: Hyperthyroidism key concept? | A: Everything FAST. |
| Q: Hypothyroidism key concept? | A: Everything SLOW. |
| Q: Classic signs of Graves’ disease? | A: Goiter, exophthalmos, tachycardia. |
| Q: Hyperthyroidism symptoms? | A: Weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, tremors. |
| Q: Hypothyroidism symptoms? | A: Weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia, constipation. |
| Q: Thyroid storm signs? | A: High fever, severe tachycardia, hypertension, delirium. |
| Q: Myxedema coma signs? | A: Hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, decreased LOC. |
| Q: Gold standard treatment for hypothyroidism? | A: Levothyroxine (Synthroid). |
| Q: Medications for hyperthyroidism? | A: Methimazole (Tapazole), PTU, Propranolol. |
| Q: Early sign of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia? | A: Tingling around mouth. |
| Q: GH excess in children? | Gigantism |
| Q: GH excess in adults? | A: Acromegaly. |
| Q: ADH hyposecretion causes? | A: Diabetes insipidus. |
| Q: DI key manifestations? | A: Polyuria, hypernatremia, dehydration. |
| Q: ADH hypersecretion causes? | A: SIADH. |
| Q: SIADH key manifestation? | A: Hyponatremia. |
| Q: Priority intervention in SIADH? | A: Fluid restriction. |
| Q: ACTH excess causes? | A: Cushing’s disease. |
| Q: ACTH deficiency causes? | A: Secondary adrenal insufficiency. |
| Q: Prolactinoma symptoms? | A: Galactorrhea, amenorrhea. |
| Q: Pituitary tumor visual problem? | A: Loss of peripheral vision. |
| Q: Normal calcium level? | A: 8.5–10.5 mg/dL. |
| Q: Main function of PTH? | A: Increase blood calcium. |
| Q: PTH acts on what 3 organs? | A: Bones, kidneys, intestines. |
| Q: Hyperparathyroidism causes what electrolyte imbalance? | Hypercalcemia |
| Q: Hypoparathyroidism causes what electrolyte imbalance? | A: Hypocalcemia. |
| Q: Hyperparathyroidism symptoms mnemonic? | A: Bones, Stones, Groans, Psychiatric Overtones. |
| Q: Signs of hypocalcemia? | A: Tetany, Chvostek’s, Trousseau’s. |
| Q: Calcium and phosphate relationship? | A: Inverse relationship. |
| Q: Emergency medication for severe hypocalcemia? | A: IV calcium gluconate. |
Created by:
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