Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch.8 Digestive
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mouth=or/o, stomat/o | Begins preparation of food for digestion |
| Pharynx=pharyng/o | Transports food from the mouth to esophagus |
| Esophagus=esophag/o | Transports food from pharynx to stomach |
| Stomach=gastro/o | Breaks down food and mixes it with gastric juices |
| Small Intestine=enter/o | Mixes chyme coming from the stomach with Digestive juices to complete digestion and absorption of nutrients |
| Large Intestine= col/o, colon/o | Absorbs excess water and prepare solid waste for elimination |
| Rectum, Anus=an/o, proct/o, rect/o | Controls the excretion of solid waste |
| Liver=hepat/o | Secretes bile and enzymes aid in the digestion of fat |
| Gallbladder=cholecyst/o | Stores bile and releases it into the small intestines as needed |
| Pancreas=pancreat/o | Secretes digestive juices and enzymes into the small intestine as needed |
| an/o | anus, ring |
| chol/e | bile, gall |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| col/o, colon/o | colon, large intestines |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| enter/o | small intestines |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| gingiva | gums |
| gastr/o | stomach, belly |
| hepat/o | liver |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| -pepsia | digest, digestion |
| periodontium | structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth |
| -phagia | eating, swallowing |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| rect/o | rectum, straight |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| The Gastrointestinal Tract (GI tract) | gastr=stomach intestin=intestine |
| The Upper GI tract | Consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach. Transports foods from the entry into the body until digestion begins in stomach |
| The palate | Forms roof of mouth, 3 major parts |
| Hard palate | Anterior portion of the roof of mouth and covered with specialized mucous membranes |
| Soft palate | Flexible posterior portion of the palate. Important during swallowing by closing off the nasal passage so food/drink moves downwards |
| Uvula | Moves upward during swallowing. Plays a role in snoring and forming some speech sounds |
| Tongue | Strong, flexible, and muscular. The tongue has a rich blood supply which makes it important in the absorption of medications sublingually |
| Papillae | Small bumps on the tongue that contains taste buds (sensory receptors) |
| Saliva and Salivary Glands | A colorless liquid that maintains the moisture in the mouth, glands secrete saliva that is carried by ducts into the mouth Maintains the health of the teeth Begins Digestive process by lubricating food during chewing/swallowing |
| Esophagus | The muscular tube through which ingested food passes through the pharynx |
| The Stomach | A sac-like organ composed of the fundus (upper, rounded part), body (main portion), and antrum (lower part) |
| Rugae | The folds in the mucosa lining of the stomach |
| Gastric juice | Aid in the beginning of food digestion. Mucus produced by glands in the stomach create a protective coating on the lining of the stomach |
| Pyloric Sphincter | The ring like muscle at the base of the stomach that controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestines |
| The Lower GI Tract | Referred to as bowels. Made up of small and large intestines plus the rectum and anus. Here digestion is completed and waste material is prepared for expulsion from the body |
| Small Intestine | Extends from the pyloric Sphincter to the first part of the large intestine consists of three sections where food is digested and nutrients are absorbed |
| Duodenum | Extends from the pylorus of the stomach to the jejunum, first portion |
| Jejunum | Extends from the duodenum to the ileum, middle portion |
| Ileum | Extends from the jejunum to the cecum of the large intestine, last and longest portion |
| Large Intestine | The waste products of digestion are processed in preparation for excretion through the anus |
| Cecum | A pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen. Extends from ileum to beginning of colon |
| Vermiform appendix | Worm like form |
| Colon | Longest portion of the large intestines, is subdivided into four parts. Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, and Sigmoid colon |
| Rectum | Makes up the last 4 inches of the large intestines and ends at the anus. Widest division of the large intestines |
| Anus | Lower opening of the digestive tract. The flow of waste through the anus is controlled by the internal anal Sphincter and the external anal sphincter |
| Functions of the Liver | 1. Removes excess glucose, commonly known as blood sugar \ 2. Removes toxins 3.Turnes food into fuel, nutrients the body needs 4.Stores glucose into glcogen |
| Bilirubin | A pigment excreted into the digestive fluid called bile, giving it a yellow to green color |
| Bile | Aids in the digestion of fats. Travels from the liver to the gallbladder where it is concentrated and stored |
| Gallbladder | A pear-shaped organ about the of an egg located under the liver. Stores and concentrates bile for later use |
| Pancreas | Soft 6-inch log oblong gland located behind the stomach. Has important roles in the digestive and endocrine systems |
| Pancreatic Juices | Aid in digestion and contain digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize stomach acids |
| Digestion | The process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients the body can use |
| Metabolism | Includes all of the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients Metabol=change Ism=condition |
| Anabolism | The building up of body cells and and substances from nutrients |
| Catabolism | The breaking down of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide |
| Absorption | Process by which digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body |
| Mastication (chewing) | Breaks down food into smaller pieces, mixes it with saliva, and prepares it to be swallowed |
| Bolus | A mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed |
| Peristalsis | A series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system |
| Chyme | The semifluid mass of partially digested food that passes out of the stomach through the pyloric Sphincter, and into the small intestines |
| Emulsification | Chyme is mixed with pancreatic juice and bile. The bile breaks apart large fat globules so enzymes in the pancreatic juices can digest the fats |
| Feces | Solid body wastes, expelled through the rectum and anus |
| Defecation | Bowel movement, the evacuation of emptying of the large intestines |
| Borborygmus | The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine |
| Flatulence | Flatus, the passage of gas out of the body through the rectum |
| Bariatrics | The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases |
| Dentist | Specialized in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of teeth and tissues of the oral cavity |
| Gastroenterologist | A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the stomach and intestines |
| Oral/Maxillofacial Surgeon | Specializes in surgery of the teeth and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries |
| Orthodontist | A dental specialist who prevents or corrects malocclusion of the teeth and related facial structures |
| Periodontist | A dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth |
| Proctologist | A physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus |
| Herpes Labialis | Blister-like stores on the lips and adjacent facial tissues that are caused by oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) |
| Leukoplakia | An abnormal white pre-cancerous lesion(sores) that developed on the tongue or inside of the check |
| Stomatomycosis | Any disease of the mouth due to fungus |
| Oral Thrush | A type of stomatomycosis that developed when fungus candida albicans grow out of control |
| Trismus | Any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer |
| Xerostomia | Dry mouth |
| Bruxism | Grinding of teeth |
| Halitosis | Bad breath |
| Malocclusion | Deviation from the upper an lower teeth alignment |
| Gingivitis | Early stage periodontal disease that causes inflammation of the gums |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | Upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus leading to acid irritation and damage of the esophagus |
| Pyrosis (heartburn) | Burning sensation caused by the return of acid into the esophagus |
| Hiatal Hernia | An anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm Hiatal=opening al=pertaining to |
| Gastritis | Common inflammation of the stomach lining that can be caused by bacteria |
| Gastroenteritis | Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines Gastr=stomach Entero=intestines itis=inflammation |
| Peptic Ulcer | Stores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system. Caused by bacteria or medications such as aspirin, that irritate the lining of the stomach |
| Anorexia | The loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by disease |
| Anorexia Nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance. Leads to an intense fear of gaining weight and refusal to maintain a normal body weight |
| Bulimia Nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induces vomitingor misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications |
| Dehydration | Condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body's normal electrolyte balance |
| Malnutrition | A lack of proper food or nutrients in the body due to a shortage of food , poor eating habits, or the inability of the body to digest, absorb, and distribute nutrients |
| Malabsorption | A condition in which the small intestines cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it |
| Dyspepsia | Indigestion |
| Emesis | Vomiting |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting of blood |
| Nausea | The urge to vomit |
| Celiac Disease | Inherited autoimmune disease leading to gluten intolerence |
| Polyp | A mushroom-like growth from the surface of the mucous membrane. Not all polyps are malignant |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation or infection of one or more deverticula in the colon |
| Diverticulosis | The chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon |
| Ischemic colitis | Occurs when part of the large intestines is partially or completely deprived of blood. Tissues will become necrotic within 24 hours |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | A common condition of unknown cause with symptoms that can include intermittent cramping. abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | The general name for diseases that cause inflammation and swelling in the intestines |
| Ulcerative Colitis | A chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestines cause ulcers and irritation |
| Crohn's Disease | A chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, most often found in the ileum and the colon Leads to scarring and thickening of the walls and structures |
| Volvulus | Latin word for twisting or rolling. This is twisting of the volvulus of the intestines and can cause a blockage |
| Clostridium difficile (C. diff) | A bacterial infection common to older adults in hospitals or long term care facilities, typically following the use of antibiotics that wipe out competing bacteria |
| Dysentery | Bacteria infection spread in hot countries and is spread through food/water |
| E. coli | Bacteria transmitted through contaminated food that has not been cooked properly |
| Salmonella | Transmitted through feces (animal contact or eating contaminated raw or undercooked meat or eggs) |
| Bowel incontinence | The inability to control the excretion of feces |
| Constipation | Having a bowel movement fewer than three times per week |
| Diarrhea | An abnormally frequent flow of loose or watery stools that can lead to dehydration |
| Hemorrhoids | Occur when a cluster of veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through the anal opening |
| Jaundice | A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes. Caused by excess bilirubin |
| Cirrhosis | A chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring Cirrh=yellow or orange osis=abnormal condition |
| Cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy | An endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract |
| Endoscope | An instrument used for visual examination of internal structures |
| Capsule endoscopy | The use of a tiny video camera in a capsule that the patient swallows |
| Colonoscopy | The direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum |
| Sigmoidoscopy | The endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon |
| Hemocult | Fecal occult blood tests, is a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| EGD | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | Gastrointestinal |
| IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | Irritable bowel syndrome |
| NG tube | Nasogastric tube |
Created by:
user-2003127