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Topic 6
Control of Blood Glucose, role of insulin glucagon and adreneline
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is Negative feed back | This is when any devation from the normal values are restored to their original level. This involves nervous system and often homornes |
| What is Blood glucose | This increases following ingestion of food or drink containing carbohydrates and will fall following exercise or if you have not eaten |
| What is glycogenesis and where does this mainly occur | The process of excess glucose being converted to glycogen when blood glucose is higher than normal. This occurs mainly in the liver |
| What is Glycogenolysis | The hydrolysis of glycogen into glucsoe in the liver. This occurs when blood glucose levels are lower than normal |
| What is Gluconeogenesis | The process of creating glucose from non carbohydrate stores in the liver This occurs if all glycogen has been hydrolysed into glucose and your body still needs more glucose |
| What are Beta cells | These detect when blood glucose levels are too high and secrete insulin in response to this. |
| How does insulin decrease blood glucose | 1)Attaching to receptors on the surface of target cells 2)More protein channels incoporated into cell membranes 3)Activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glucose to glycogen |
| Attaching to receptor on the surfaces of target cells changes | The tertiary structure of the channel proteins resulting in more glucose being absorbed by facilitated diffusion |
| More protein channels are incoprated into cell membranes | So that more glucose is being absorbed from the blood into the cells |
| Activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glucose to glycogen | This results in glycogenesis in the liver |
| What are Alpha cells `` | These detect when blood glucose is too low and will secrete glucagon in response to this. |
| Glucagon increases blood glucose in the following ways | 1) Attaching to receptors on the surfaces of target cells |
| 2) When glucose binds it causes a protein to be activated into Adenylate cyclase converts ATP in a molecule called cyclic AMP. | |
| 3) Activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glycerol and amino acids into glucose | |
| How does Adreneline increase blood glucose | 1) Adreneline attaches to receptors on the surfaces of target cells. This causes a protein to be activated and to convert ATP into cAMP |
| 2) cAMP activates an enzyme that can hydrolyse glycogen into glucose | |
| 3) This known as the second messenger model of adrenaline and glucagon action because the process results in the formation of cAMP which acts as a second messenger |
Created by:
yHya