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unit 6,7 & 8 vocab

TermDefinition
voluntary responsive sample consists of people who choose themselves by responding to a general appeal
confounded when the effects of two variables (explanatory or lurking variables) on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other
statistical interference provides ways to answer specific questions from data with some guarantee that the answers are good ones
population the entire group of individuals that we want information about
sample a part of the population that we actual examine in order to gather information
design refers to the method used to choose the sample from the population
convenience sampling chooses the individuals easiest to reach
bias the design of study that systematically favors certain outcomes
simple random sample of size n consists of n individuals from the population chosen in such a way that every set of n individuals has an equal chance to be the ample actually selected
probability sample gives each member of the population a known chance (greater than zero) to be selected
strata the division of the population into groups of similar individuals
strata sample to sample important groups within the population separately, then combine the samples
strata random sample to choose a separate SRS in each stratum and combine these SRSs to form the full sample
multi stage sampling select successively smaller groups within the population in stages. Each stage may employ an SRS, a stratified sample, or another type of sample
under-coverage occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing the sample
nonresponse occurs when an individual chosen for the sample can't be contacted or refuses to cooperate
wording of questions the most influence on the answers given to a survet
sampling frame the list of individuals from which a sample is actually selected
probability the number of outcomes in an event divided by the number of outcomes in sample space
observational study observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses
experiment deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their responses
experimental units the individuals on which the experiment is done
subjects when the experimental units are human beings
treatment a specific experiment condition applied to the units
factors the explanatory variables in an experiment
placebo a dummy treatment that can have no physical effect
control group the group of patients who received a sham treatment
randomization the use of chance to divide experimental units into groups
completely random design all the experimental units are allocated at random among all treatments
statistically significant an observed effect too large to attribute plausibly to chance
probability model a model used to calculate a theoretical answer
simulation the imitation of chance behavior, based on a model that accurately reflects the experiment under consideration
replication repeat each treatment on a large enough number of experimental units or subjects to allow the systematic effects of the treatment to be seen
double blind experiment neither the subject nor the people who have contact with them know which treatment a subject received
lack of realism the subjects or treatments or setting of an experiment may not realistically duplicate the conditions we really want to study
block a group of experimental units or subjects that are similar in ways that are expected to affect the response to the treatments
block design the random assignment of units to treatments is carried out separately within each block
match pair design a common form of blocking for comparing two treatments
Created by: user-2016449
 

 



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