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Geog 121
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Globalization | The technological, economic, institutional, cultural, and geopolitical interlinkages between diverse societies across vast areas. |
| Globalization | The PlayStation 5 production process, which involves minerals from Africa, design from Japan, and assembly in China. |
| Globalization | Matthew Sparke and Arjun Appadurai. |
| Time-Space Compression | The "annihilation of space by time" where social relations are increasingly stretched across the planet, making the world feel "smaller" as interactions speed up. |
| Time-Space Compression | The ability to have an instantaneous video call with someone on the other side of the planet. |
| Time-Space Compression | Doreen Massey |
| Global Sense of Place | The idea that a place is not a fixed, bounded location but a constantly changing process defined by global connections and social dynamics. |
| Global Sense of Place | Franklin Street in Chapel Hill, which is a mix of local students and global corporate franchises. |
| Global Sense of Place | Doreen Massey |
| Differentiated Mobility and Power Geometry | The concept that social and political systems determine who can move easily and who cannot. |
| Differentiated Mobility and Power Geometry | A U.S. passport holder can visit nearly 180 countries, while an Afghan passport holder can visit roughly 24. |
| Differentiated Mobility and Power Geometry | Doreen Massey |
| Gerardus Mercator / Global Grid | Concepts related to how we map and discipline global space. |
| Gerardus Mercator / Global Grid | The Mercator projection, which distorts landmass sizes to favor Europe, and standardized time zones based on Greenwich, England. |
| Gerardus Mercator / Global Grid | Heord |
| Disjunctive Flows | A model where global interactions (finance, people, ideas) move at different speeds and along different paths. |
| Disjunctive Flows | A nation allowing the free flow of global capital (financescape) but strictly closing its borders to refugees (ethnoscape). |
| Disjunctive Flows | Arjun Appadurai |
| Ages of Globalization | A framework identifying seven periods of global interaction, from the Paleolithic migrations to the modern Digital Age. |
| Ages of Globalization | The Ocean Age (1500–1800), which linked the Old and New Worlds through transoceanic shipping. |
| Ages of Globalization | Jeffery Sachs |
| Fordism | A system of standardized mass production and high wages designed to turn workers into consumers. |
| Fordism | Henry Ford’s 1914 assembly line and the five-dollar, eight-hour workday. |
| Fordism | David Harvey |
| Flexible Accumulation | A post-Fordist system characterized by adaptability in labor markets and globalized, just-in-time production. |
| Flexible Accumulation | The rise of contract/gig labor and frequent job changes. |
| Flexible Accumulation | David Harvey |
| Idea Economy and Brain Magnet | An economy focused on intellectual labor, and a location designed to attract that talent globally. |
| Idea Economy and Brain Magnet | The Research Triangle Park (RTP) in North Carolina, which drew scientists and high-tech capital to a formerly low-wage region. |
| Idea Economy and Brain Magnet | Alex Sayf Cummings |
| Logistics / Logistical Power | The strategies used by military and corporate groups to efficiently move goods and people to control territory and wealth. |
| Logistics / Logistical Power | Napoleon’s use of rapid mobility in warfare or Amazon’s current delivery infrastructure. |
| Logistics / Logistical Power | Susan Zieger |
| Platform Capitalism | Digital infrastructures that coordinate global flows and monetize data through surveillance. |
| Platform Capitalism | Amazon or Alibaba acting as mediators between producers and consumers. |
| Platform Capitalism | Susan Zieger |
| Commodity Chain | The set of processes a product goes through from initial production to final consumption. |
| Commodity Chain | The crude oil supply chain, from the wellhead to the refinery to the gas station. |
| Commodity Chain | Mathew Sparke |
| Transnational Corporation (TNC) | A company that coordinates production and operations across several countries. |
| Transnational Corporation (TNC) | Nike, which manages a global network of contractors rather than owning every factory. |
| Transnational Corporation (TNC) | Matthew Sparke |
| Vertical and Horizontal Integration | Horizontal integration is expanding a domestic business into a foreign market; vertical integration is acquiring different stages of the supply chain. |
| Vertical and Horizontal Integration | Starbucks expanding its cafes worldwide (horizontal) or a car company buying its own steel mill (vertical). |
| Vertical and Horizontal Integration | Matthew Sparke |
| Oil Price Shocks | Sudden changes in oil prices that affect the entire global economy. |
| Oil Price Shocks | The 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns, which caused oil prices to briefly drop below zero due to a lack of demand. |
| Oil Price Shocks | Adam Hanieh |
| Oil Reserves | Underground crude oil that is technically and economically recoverable. |
| Oil Reserves | Venezuela, which holds the world’s largest oil reserves but has lower production levels. |
| Oil Reserves | Elliott and Gamio |
| Reverse Migration | The return of migrants to their country of origin. |
| Reverse Migration | Migrant workers returning to their home countries after losing jobs during the pandemic. |
| Reverse Migration | Kingsbury |
Created by:
23Thomas-Ellis