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psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| P-value | The probability that the results occurred by chance if the null hypothesis is true. |
| p < 0.05 | statistically significant |
| p ≥ 0.05 | not statistically significant |
| Statistical Significance | A result is _________ when it is unlikely to have happened by chance (usually p < 0.05). |
| If p < 0.05 | reject the null hypothesis |
| If p ≥ 0.05 | accept the null hypothesis |
| Correlation | Shows a relationship between two variables (no cause and effect). |
| Experimental | Tests cause and effect by manipulating the independent variable. |
| r close to ±1 | strong |
| r close to 0 | weak |
| Correlation Coefficient (r) | A number between −1 and +1 that shows the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables. |
| Histograms | Definition: A graph showing the frequency of continuous data using bars that touch. Used for: Identifying distribution shape (normal, skewed). |
| Error Bars & Significance | Definition: Error bars show variability or uncertainty in data. Rule: -Overlapping error bars → likely not significant -No overlap → likely statistically significant |
| Measures of Central Tendency | Mean: Average of all values Median: Middle value Mode: Most frequent value |
| Why Choose a Measure of Central Tendency | Mean: Best for normal data, no outliers Median: Best when data is skewed or has outliers Mode: Best for categorical data |
| Structure for reading & commenting on data | 1. Identify the trend/pattern 2. Use numbers from the data 3. Link to the question or hypothesis |
| standard deviation | A measure of how spread out the data is from the mean. |
Created by:
kittygibaud