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PSYC Ch.9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. | motivation |
| The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates us to satisfy the need. | drive-reduction theory |
| A basic bodily requirement. | physiological need |
| A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. | homeostasis |
| A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates (or pulls) behavior. | incentive |
| The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a “just right” or moderate point, beyond which performance decreases. | Yerkes-Dodson law |
| Maslow’s levels of human needs, beginning with physiological needs. Often visualized as a pyramid, with basic needs providing the foundation supporting higher-level needs. | hierarchy of needs |
| The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. | glucose |
| The body's resting rate of energy output. | basal metabolic rate |
| The point at which the “weight thermostat” may be set. When the body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight. | set point |
| The level at which a person's weight settles in response to caloric intake and energy use; influenced by both environment and biology. | settling point |
| Defined as a body mass index (BMI) measurement of 30 or higher, which is calculated from our weight-to-height ratio. (BMI provides general anchors and does not apply to all people equally.) | obesity |
| The need to build and maintain relationships and to feel connected to a group. | need to belong |
| The theory that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. | self-determination theory |
| Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups. | ostracism |
| The desire for significant accomplishment, for a command of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard. | achievement motivation |
| In psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals. | grit |
| The desire to perform a behavior well for its own sake. | intrinsic motivation |
| The desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment | extrinsic motivation |
| A response of the whole person, involving (1) bodily arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and, most importantly, (3) conscious experience resulting from one’s interpretations. | emotion |
| The theory that our experience of emotion occurs when we become aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus. | James-Lange theory |
| The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion. | Cannon-Bard theory |
| Schachter and Singer’s theory that to experience emotion we must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal. | two-factor theory |
| A machine often used in attempts to detect lies; it actually measures emotion-linked changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing, which are not always tied to lying. | polygraph |
| The tendency of facial muscle activation, alone, to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness. | facial feedback effect |
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PSYC