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Unit 7 - Ap Bio
Unit 7 Packet
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural Selection | A process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. |
| Fitness | The ability of an organism to survive and produce offspring. |
| Adaptation | A heritable trait that improves survival or reproduction. |
| Gene Flow | Movement of alleles from one population to another. |
| Genetic Drift | Random changes in allele frequencies in a small population. These changes are not driven by natural selection, but by chance |
| Bottleneck Effect and Founder Effect (Two forms of genetic drift) | Bottleneck: large pop drastically reduced in size, surviving population may not represent original genetic diversity Founder: new pop started by a small number of individuals, new group may carry only a fraction of original pop's genetic variation |
| Artificial Selection | Breeding by humans to enhance desired traits in other organisms. |
| Vestigial Structure | A physical structure in organisms that has lost its original function through evolution. |
| Phylogenetic Tree | A branching diagram that shows evolutionary relationships. |
| Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium | A model predicting that allele frequencies will remain constant in the absence of evolutionary influences. |