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2.13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Otoscope. | Instrument used to examine the ear canal and tympanic membrane. |
| Structures of the Ear | External, middle, and inner ear components responsible for hearing and balance. |
| Ear Canal | Tube carrying sound waves to the tympanic membrane. |
| Tympanic Membrane | Eardrum; vibrates in response to sound waves. |
| Ossicles | Three small middle ear bones (malleus, incus, stapes) that amplify sound. |
| Eustachian Tube | Tube connecting middle ear to pharynx; equalizes pressure. |
| Cochlea | Spiral inner ear structure converting sound vibrations to nerve impulses. |
| Semicircular Canals | Inner ear structures responsible for balance. |
| Acute Otitis Media | Infection and inflammation of the middle ear. |
| Ophthalmoscope | Instrument used to examine internal structures of the eye. |
| Visual Acuity | Sharpness or clarity of vision. |
| Conjunctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva (“pink eye” |
| 4 Signs of Inflammation | Redness, swelling, heat, pain. |
| Redness (Rubor) | Increased blood flow to affected area. |
| Swelling (Tumor) . | Fluid accumulation in tissues. |
| Heat (Calor) | Increased temperature due to blood flow. |
| Pain (Dolor) | Nerve stimulation from inflammation. |
| Structures of the Oral Cavity | Lips, teeth, tongue, hard/soft palate, uvula, tonsils. |
| Tonsils | Lymphatic tissue that helps fight infection. |
| Uvula | Small projection from soft palate aiding speech and swallowing. |
| Pharynx | Throat; passageway for air and food. |
| Tongue | Muscular organ for taste, speech, and swallowing |
| Skin Cancer Screening (Mole Checks) | Evaluation of moles for abnormal changes. |
| Asymmetry | One half of mole does not match the other. |
| Border | Irregular or poorly defined edges. |
| Color | Uneven or multiple colors. |
| Diameter | Greater than 6 mm (about pencil eraser size) |
| Evolving | Change in size, shape, or color. |
| Malignant | Cancerous; invasive and may spread. |
| Melanoma Serious form of skin cancer from melanocytes. | Serious form of skin cancer from melanocytes. |
| Benign | Noncancerous; does not spread. |
| Auscultation | Listening to internal body sounds using a stethoscope. |
| Intercostal Space | Space between ribs. |
| Lub-Dub | Normal heart sounds produced by valve closure. |
| S1 & S2 Sound | S1: AV valve closure; S2: semilunar valve closure. |
| Murmur | Abnormal heart sound from turbulent blood flow. |
| Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) | Early heartbeat originating in ventricles. |
| Abnormal Lung Sounds | Adventitious sounds heard during auscultation. |
| Wheezing | High-pitched sound from narrowed airways. |
| Crackles (Rales) | Popping sounds from fluid in alveoli. |
| Rhonchi | Low-pitched sounds from mucus in large airways. |
| Stridor | Harsh sound from upper airway obstruction. |
| Trachea | Windpipe; carries air to bronchi. |
| Larynx | Voice box; produces sound and protects airway. |
| Lungs | Organs responsible for gas exchange. |
| Bronchus / Bronchi | Large airways branching from trachea into lungs. |
| Bronchioles | Smaller airway branches within lungs. |
| Alveoli | Microscopic air sacs where gas exchange occurs. |
| Pleura | Double-layered membrane surrounding lungs. |
| Diaphragm | Primary muscle of respiration |
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