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PBS 2.1.5 - Diabete

QuestionAnswer
Concentration Gradient A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space (e.g., more salt inside a cell than outside). Things naturally move from high to low concentration.
Diffusion The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Osmosis The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
Hypertonic A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell. Water leaves the cell, making it shrink.
Hypotonic A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell. Water enters the cell, making it swell.
Isotonic A solution with the same solute concentration as the cell. No net water movemen
Metabolism All chemical reactions in the body that break down food and build up tissues to maintain life
Cellular Respiration Equation (Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy).
Reactant The starting materials in a chemical reaction (e.g., Glucose and Oxygen).
Product The substances formed by a chemical reaction (e.g., Carbon Dioxide, Water, ATP).
Adenosine Triphosphate The primary energy currency of the cell.
Organic Macromolecules / Biomolecules Large molecules necessary for life (Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids).
Carbohydrates Sugars/starches used for quick energy.
Lipids Fats/oils used for long-term energy storage and cell membranes.
Proteins Amino acid chains that build structure, enzymes, and hormones.
Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA, which store genetic information.
Hormones Chemical messengers released by glands into the bloodstream to regulate body functions.
Insulin A hormone produced by the pancreas that allows cells to take in glucose from the blood (lowers blood sugar).
Glucagon A hormone produced by the pancreas that tells the liver to release stored glucose
Negative Feedback Loop A process where the body senses a change and acts to reverse it to maintain homeostasis
Positive Feedback Loop A process that amplifies a change (e.g., childbirth contractions).
Pancreas The organ that regulates blood sugar by producing insulin and glucagon.
Alpha Cell Cells in the pancreas that produce glucagon.
Beta Cell Cells in the pancreas that produce insulin.
Glucose Simple sugar that is the main source of energy for cells.
Hyperglycemia High blood sugar
Hypoglycemia Low blood sugar
Diabetes Mellitus A chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar due to problems with insulin.
Autoimmune Disorder A condition where the immune system attacks the body's own healthy cells
Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune destruction of beta cells; the pancreas produces little to no insulin.
Type 2 Diabetes The body becomes resistant to insulin, or the pancreas doesn't make enough; often linked to lifestyle/genetics.
Gestational Diabetes High blood sugar that develops during pregnancy.
Blood Glucose Meter A device used to measure current blood sugar levels via a finger prick.
Continuous Glucose Monitor A wearable sensor that tracks glucose levels in real-time.
Insulin Pump A device that delivers a constant, programmed dose of insulin.
elemedicine / Telehealth The practice of caring for patients remotely via telecommunications technology
Created by: user-2003006
 

 



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