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Biomechanics exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vector | a quantity that possesses magnitude and direction |
| scalar | quantity that possesses magnitude |
| linear kinematic vectors | displacement, velocity, and acceleration |
| linear kinematic scalars | distance, speed, pace |
| distance | measured along the entire path of motion |
| displacement | describes the change in position/location measured as the straight line between initial and final positions |
| speed | distance covered divided by the time taken to cover it units: m/s or km/hr |
| speed=length or distance / change is time | s=l/t |
| pace | the time to cover a specified distance units: min/mile or min/km |
| pace= time/ length | p=t/l |
| velocity | rate of change in location/position/displacement units: m/s or km/hr |
| velocity= displacement/ change in time | v= position2-position1/time2-time1 |
| change in velocity | change in speed, movement direction or both |
| linear acceleration | rate of change in linear velocity unit: m/s^2 or km/hr/s |
| acceleration= velocity2-velocity1/time2-time1 | a= v2-v1/t2-t1 |
| positive acceleration | increasing velocity in the positive direction or decreasing velocity in the negative direction |
| negative acceleration | decreasing velocity in the positive direction or increasing velocity in the negative direction |
| zero acceleration | velocity is constant |
| instantaneous | occurring during an extremely small time interval |
| average | occurring over a designated time interval |
| vector composition | combining 2+ vectors to create a single vector -same direction=sum of the vectors -opposite direction=difference of the vectors -differing orientations=use the 'tip to tail method' |
| vector resolution | break vector into its horizonal and vertical components |
| Pythagorean theorem | a^2+ b^2=c^2 |
| SOH | sine=opposite/hypotenuse |
| CAH | cosine=adjacent/hypotenuse |
| TOA | tangent=opposite/adjacent |
| projectile motion | body that moves through the air unassisted "Body in free fall that is subject only to the forces of gravity and air resistance" |
| vertical components | relates to the max height achieved influenced by gravity --> constant at -9.81 m/s^2 |
| horizontal components | relates to the range the projectile travels |
| apex | the highest point in the projectile path the halfway point of the travel time of an object |
| projectile trajectory | the flight path of the projectile |
| projectile trajectory 3 major factors | projectile angle, projectile speed, relative projection height |
| projectile angle | direction at which a body is projected with respect to the horizontal component. determines the trajectory shape. |
| 45 degrees | produces the largest range |
| projection speed | magnitude of projection velocity. affects the projectiles range, height, and flight time |
| relative projection height | difference between projectiles release height and landing height. |
| relative projection height= 0 | projectile was released and landed from same height |
| positive relative projection height | projectile was released higher than the landing height |
| negative relative projection height | projectile was released below/lower than the landing height |
| optimal projection angles | RPH= 0, 45 is best angle RPH becomes negative, optimal angle increases RPH increases, optimal angle may decrease |
| equations of constant acceleration | V2=V1+at d=V1t+(1/2)at^2 V2^2= V1^2+2ad |
| constant acceleration for horizontal component of projectile motion a=0 | dh=Vht |
| constant acceleration for the vertical component of projectile motion with V2=0 | 0=V1+at 0=V1^2+2ad |
Created by:
Aylac17