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chapter7 cells

cells

QuestionAnswer
cells The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Microscope An instrument used to make small objects look larger.
Cell theory A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
Compound Microscope Focuses light through lenses to produce a magnified image, using two lenses.
Electron Microscope Using beams of electrons to produce a magnified image.
Magnification: The condition of things appearing larger then they are, using convex lenses (center is thicker than the edges)
Resolution: The ability to see to details more clearly, the higher the resolution the sharper the image.
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
All cells are produced from other cells
Organic compound carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Organic compounds must contain carbon.
Inorganic compounds water. Inorganic compounds DO NOT contain carbon.
Carbohydrates energy rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Items that have sugar and starches would be carbohydrates. Examples: potatoes, pasta, rice, and bread.
Lipids Fats, oils, and waxes. Examples: whole milk, ice cream, and fried foods.
Proteins: large organic molecules made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Examples: meat, dairy, fish, nuts, beans.
Enzyme a group of proteins that helps speed up chemical reactions in living things.
Nucleic Acids Long organic compounds made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nucleic acids contain the instructions that carry out all the functions of life.
DNA The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. Double Helix: Shape of the DNA molecule
Water in cells: A. Water is needed for most chemical reactions in cells B. Water helps cells keep their shape. C. Water helps cells maintain their temperature D. Water helps cells carry substances in and out of them
Elements any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Compounds when 2 or more elements chemically combine. Compounds that cells need:
Passive Transport When materials go in and out of the cell WITHOUT using energy.
Diffusion The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Osmosis The movement of WATER molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
Selectively permeable means some substances can cross the membrane while others cannot. Endocytosis: The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle.
Active transport When materials go in and out of the cell using energy.
Moving Large Particles: Endocytosis: The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle. 2. Exocytosis: The reverse process, which allows large particles to exit the cell.
Endocytosis The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle.
Exocytosis The reverse process, which allows large particles to exit the cell.
INTERPHASE Chromosomes are copied (# doubles) • Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy (sister chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase
PROPHASE Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) • Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite ends of cell • Spindle fibers form between the poles
METAPHASE Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers
ANAPHASE • Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell
TELOPHASE • Two new nuclei form • Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods) • Mitosis ends
CYTOKINESIS • Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells - each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes
Created by: user-2006841
 

 



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