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Joe 3.5 ess

Joe Hudson 3.5 ess

TermDefinition
Atmosphere The layer of gases surrounding Earth that holds air, moisture, and heat.
Heat Energy that moves from warmer objects or areas to cooler ones.
Radiation Transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic waves (like sunlight).
Conduction Transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.
Convection Transfer of heat by the movement of fluids (liquids or gases), such as warm air rising and cool air sinking.
Earth’s rotation The spinning of Earth on its axis, which affects wind patterns and ocean currents.
Temperature A measure of how hot or cold something is.
Temperature gradient The rate at which temperature changes over a certain distance.
Humidity The amount of water vapor in the air.
Moisture content The amount of water vapor present in air.
Surface temperatures The temperature at Earth’s surface (land or ocean).
Precipitation Water that falls from clouds, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Air mass A large body of air with similar temperature and moisture characteristics.
Cold front A boundary where cold air moves in and replaces warm air, often causing storms.
Warm front A boundary where warm air moves over cold air, usually bringing steady precipitation.
Maritime Tropical (mT) Warm, humid air mass formed over tropical oceans.
Maritime Polar (mP) Cool, moist air mass formed over cold oceans.
Continental Tropical (cT) Hot, dry air mass formed over land in tropical areas.
Continental Polar (cP) Cold, dry air mass formed over land in polar regions.
Continental Arctic (cA) Extremely cold, dry air mass formed over Arctic regions.
Thunderstorm A storm with lightning, thunder, heavy rain, and sometimes hail.
Hurricane A large, rotating tropical storm that forms over warm ocean water.
Hurricanes Powerful tropical cyclones that can cause strong winds, heavy rain, and coastal flooding.
Ocean A vast body of salt water covering most of Earth’s surface.
Pacific Ocean The largest ocean on Earth, influencing global weather patterns.
Warm ocean current A stream of warm water moving through the ocean.
Gulf Stream A warm ocean current in the Atlantic that affects climate in coastal regions of North America and Europe.
Ocean gyres Large circular systems of ocean currents caused by global winds and the Coriolis effect.
Oceanic conveyor belt A global system of deep and surface currents that circulate water around the planet.
Thermohaline circulation Deep ocean circulation driven by differences in temperature and salinity.
Deep currents Cold, dense ocean water that moves slowly beneath the surface.
Upwelling The rising of cold, nutrient-rich deep water to the surface.
Downwelling The sinking of surface water into deeper parts of the ocean.
Global winds Large-scale wind patterns that move across Earth.
Wind belts Major zones of prevailing winds around Earth.
Trade winds / Easterlies Steady winds that blow from east to west near the equator.
Westerlies Winds that blow from west to east in mid-latitudes.
Jet stream A fast-moving ribbon of air high in the atmosphere.
Hadley Cells Large circulation patterns in the atmosphere that move heat from the equator toward the poles.
Coriolis effect The apparent bending of winds and currents due to Earth’s rotation.
Equator The imaginary line around Earth’s middle receiving the most direct sunlight.
Poles The coldest regions at the northernmost and southernmost points of Earth.
Coastal regions Areas of land near an ocean or sea.
Regional climate The typical weather conditions of a specific area.
Local climate The climate conditions in a small or specific area.
Climate zones Regions of Earth with similar temperature and precipitation patterns
Seasons Periods of the year caused by Earth’s tilt and orbit around the Sun.
Sea breeze A wind that blows from the ocean toward land during the day.
Land-sea breezes
Created by: user-1996996
 

 



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