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Chapter 28 LT

Biodiversity Spring 2026- Exam 2

QuestionAnswer
What is the unifying characteristics of protists? Protists are eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi. Most live in moist or aquatic environments. Most are microscopic, but some (like kelp) are very large. They are structurally and functionally diverse
What is the evolutionary relationships of protists? Protists are spread across multiple eukaryotic supergroups. They represent early branches in eukaryotic evolution. Some protists are more closely related to plants, animals, or fungi than to other protists.
Why are protists paraphyletic? Protists are a paraphyletic group → they do not include all descendants of a common ancestor. Some protists are more closely related to plants, animals, or fungi than to other protists.
What is primary endosymbiosis? A eukaryotic cell engulfed a cyanobacterium, which became a plastid (chloroplast)
What did primary endosymbiosis lead to? This event gave rise to photosynthetic eukaryotes, including: Green algae, Red algae, Land plants This process allowed oxygen-producing photosynthesis to spread among eukaryotes
Describe the gametic life cycle. What is an example? Multicellular stage is diploid Only gametes are haploid Example: diatoms
Describe the sporic life cycle. What is another name for it? Multicellular haploid and diploid stages Common in plants and many algae
Describe the zygotic life cycle. What group is it most common for? Organism is haploid Only the zygote is diploid Common in unicellular protists
How are protists classified (ecologically)? Algae – photoautotrophs (producers) Protozoa – heterotrophs (consumers) Fungus-like protists – decomposers
How are protists classified (habitat)? Plankton: Phytoplankton – photosynthetic and Zooplankton – heterotrophic Seaweeds (macroalgae) – attached, multicellular
How are protists classified (motility)? Flagella – Euglena Cilia – Paramecium Pseudopodia – Amoeba
What are the four eukaryotic supergroups? SAR Archaeplastida Excavata Opisthokonta
What are examples of eukaryotes in the SAR supergroup? Stramenopiles → diatoms, brown algae Alveolates → dinoflagellates Rhizaria → radiolarians, foraminiferans
What are examples of eukaryotes in the Archaeplastida supergroup? Green algae Red algae Land plants
What are examples of eukaryotes in the Excavata supergroup? Euglena, Giardia
What are examples of eukaryotes in the Opishokonta supergroup? Animals, fungi, choanoflagellates
Traits, ecological roles, and relationship of chlorophytes. What is another name for clorophtes? Same pigments as plants Freshwater, marine, terrestrial Closest relatives to land plants Green algae
Traits, ecological roles, and relationship of rhodophytes. What is another name for clorophtes? Red pigment (phycoerythrin) Mostly marine Multicellular Important food source and commercial products Red algae
Traits, ecological roles, and relationship of plants. Derived from green algae ancestors Multicellular Terrestrial adaptation
Traits & ecological roles of brown algae. Large seaweeds (kelp) Important marine habitats Producers
Traits & ecological roles of diatoms. Silica shells Major phytoplankton Important oxygen producers
Traits & ecological roles of dinoflagellates. Two flagella Some photosynthetic Cause red tides Coral symbionts (zooxanthellae)
Define primary endosymbiosis Engulfment of cyanobacteria that became chloroplasts
Define plastid Photosynthetic organelle (chloroplast)
Define pseudopodia. Temporary extensions of cytoplasm used for movement and feeding
Define secondary endosymbiosis Occurs when a eukaryotic cell engulfs another eukaryotic alga that already contains a plastid
Define tertiary endosymbiosis Occurs when a eukaryote engulfs another eukaryote that already gained plastids via secondary endosymbiosis
Created by: KristenR2025
 

 



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