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attribution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| attribution theory | people determine the cause of their and others behavior -dispositional -situational |
| dispositional | internal (personal characteristics- laziness, empathy) |
| situational | external (environment) |
| attribution biases | -fundamental attribution error -actor-observer bias -self-serving bias |
| fundamental attribution error | overestimate dispositional and underestimate situational |
| actor-observer bias | others' behavior are dispositional while own behavior is situational |
| self-serving bias | take credit for good outcome, bad outcome was situational (someone else's fault) |
| explanatory style | how people explain events in their events -optimistic -pessimistic |
| optimistic | outside of control, stable, healthier |
| pessimistic | blame themselves, depressed |
| locus of control | what controls our lives -internal -external |
| internal | me |
| external | environment/fate |
| mere exposure effect | more around it, more you like it |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | belief in something causes it to become true-behavior |
| social comparison | evaluating yourself by comparing with others. Affects self esteem and motivation -upward -downward |
| upward | comparing with someone better |
| downward | comparing with someone worse |
| relative deprivation | the perception that one is worse off than those with whom one compares themself to -just got a used 2016 car, friend got a brand new 2026 car |
| stereotypes | general belief of groupds/ could be positive or negative, no critical thinking -prejudice -discrimination |
| prejudice | attitudes |
| discrimination (explicit) | actions |
| implicit attitudes can lead to | just world phenomenon out-group homogeneity bias in-group bias ethnocentrism |
| just world phenomenon | blame victims |
| out-group homogeneity bias | out group all the same |
| in-group bias | favor thier own in-group over out-groups |
| ethnocentrism | our culture is superior to others |
| belief perseverance | still right, even after proven wrong -flat earthers, cult followers |
| confirmation bias | seek only info that supports your view -collecting only data that supports hypothesis, only watching the news station that adheres to the platform of your political party |
| cognitive disonance | mental discomfort when attitude and behavior are in conflict. change attitude of behavior to make more align -smoking, January 6th in surrection |
| attitude | a set of beliefs and feelings that predisposes a person to respond in a particular way to objects, people, or events. |
| explicit attitudes | attitudes that people consciously know about and can easily report. |
| implicit attitudes | attitudes that exist outside of conscious awareness but still influence a person’s feelings, judgments, and behavior. |
| sociocultural perspective | an approach that studies how social situations and cultural influences affect thinking, behavior, and personality. |
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