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2.1.5

QuestionAnswer
Osmosis The movement of water across a cell membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration.
Hypertonic A solution with more solute than the cell; water moves out of the cell.
Hypotonic A solution with less solute than the cell; water moves into the cell.
Isotonic A solution with equal solute concentration; no net water movement.
Diffusion Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
Concentration Gradient The difference in concentration between two areas.
Telemedicine / Telehealth Using technology (video calls, apps) to provide healthcare remotely.
Hormones Chemical messengers in the body that control and regulate activities.
Metabolism All chemical reactions in the body that keep you alive.
Cellular Respiration Equation C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP (energy)
Reactant(s) Substances you start with in a chemical reaction.
Product(s) Substances made in a chemical reaction.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) The main energy molecule used by cells.
Diabetes Mellitus A disease where the body cannot properly control blood sugar.
Type 1 Diabetes An autoimmune disease where the body destroys insulin-producing cells.
Type 2 Diabetes The body does not use insulin properly (insulin resistance).
Gestational Diabetes Diabetes that develops during pregnancy.
Hyperglycemia High blood sugar.
Hypoglycemia Low blood sugar.
Autoimmune Disorder A condition where the immune system attacks the body’s own cells.
Organic Macromolecules / Biomolecules Large carbon-based molecules in living things.
Carbohydrates Sugars and starches that provide quick energy.
Proteins Molecules made of amino acids that build and repair the body.
Lipids Fats and oils used for energy storage and insulation.
Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA; store and transmit genetic information.
Insulin A hormone that lowers blood sugar by helping cells take in glucose.
Glucose A simple sugar that is the body’s main energy source.
Glucagon A hormone that raises blood sugar by telling the liver to release glucose.
Negative Feedback Loop A system that reverses a change to keep balance (ex: blood sugar control).
Positive Feedback Loop A system that increases or amplifies a change.
Blood Glucose Meter (Glucometer) A device used to check blood sugar levels.
Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) A device that tracks blood sugar levels throughout the day and night.
Insulin Pump A device that delivers insulin automatically through a small tube.
Pancreas An organ that produces insulin and glucagon.
Alpha Cell Pancreatic cells that make glucagon.
Beta Cells Pancreatic cells that make insulin.
Created by: user-2003662
 

 



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